Pharmacology Part 1 Flashcards
Foreign substances placed into the body
Drugs
Chemicals used to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease
Medications
The study of drugs and their actions on the body
Pharmacology
Most detailed name for a drug, including chemical composition and molecular structure
Chemical name
Drug name suggested by the manufacturer and confirmed by the US Adopted Name Council
Generic name
When a drug gets listed in the US Pharmacopeia (USP)
Official name
Name given to foster brand loyalty with its customers, proper name
Brand name
Enacted to improve the quality and labeling of drugs
The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
Limited the indiscriminate use of addicting drugs by regulating the importation, manufacture, sale, and use of opium, cocaine, and their compound or derivatives
Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914
Created five schedules of controlled substances, each with its own level of control and record keeping requirements
Controlled Substance Act of 1970
Determines the amount and purity of a given chemical in a preparation in the lab (in vitro)
Assay
Relative therapeutic effectiveness of chemically equivalent drugs
Bioequivalence
Determines bioequivalence; attempts to ascertain the drug’s availability in a biological model (in vivo)
Bioassay
Phase of human studies that determines the drug’s pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and safe dose in humans
Phase 1
Phase of human studies that find the therapeutic drug level and watch carefully for toxic and side effects; tested on a limited population of patients who have the disease it is intended to treat
Phase 2
Phase of human studies that utilizes double-blind studies; refines the therapeutic dose and collects relevant data on side effects
Phase 3
Phase of human studies that involves postmarketing analysis during conditional approval
Phase 4
Right: medication, dose, time, route, patient, and documentation
6 Rights of Med Admin
A greater proportion of the drug will be available in the body to cause either desired or undesired effects
Free Drug Availability
Addresses how drugs are transported into and out of the body; The study of the basic processes that determine the duration and intensity of a drugs effects
Pharmacokinetics
Deals with drugs effects once they reach the target tissues
Pharmacodynamics
The measure of the amount of a drug that is still active after it reaches its target tissue
Bioavailability
Cells tightly packed together so that only non-protein-bound, highly lipid-soluable drugs can cross in the CNS
Blood-brain barrier
Not a solid barrier, but prevents drugs from reaching a fetus
Placental barrier
Drugs not active when administered (parent drugs)
Prodrugs
Delivers medications by absorption through the gastrointestinal tracts
Enteral routes
Uses needles to inject medications into the circulatory system or tissues
Parenteral routes
Drugs operate by binding to these
Receptors
The force of attraction between a drug and a receptor
Affinity
A drug’s pharmacodynamics involves its ability to cause the expected response
Efficacy
Binding of a drug or hormone to a target cell receptor causing the number of available receptors to decrease
Down-regulation
When a drug or hormone can cause the formation of more receptors than normal
Up-regulation
Binds to the receptors and cause it to initiate the expected response
Agonists
Binds to a site but does not cause the receptor to initiate the expected response
Antagonists
Partial agonist; do both agonist and antagonist responses
Agonists-antagonists
Considered surmountable because a sufficiently large dose of the agonist can overcome the antagonism
Competitive antagonism
Antagonism is insurmountable, no amount of agonist could overcome it
Noncompetitive antagonsim
When a competitive antagonist permanently binds with a receptor site, no amount of agonist will stimulate the receptor
Irreversible antagonism
A drug effect that is unique to the individual
Idiosyncrasy
