Pharmacology Overview Flashcards
what are pharmakokinetics ?
what the body does to the drug
- absorption
- Distribution
- Elimination/ excretion
- Metabolism
Can aging affect drug absortion?
Common medications can impact this, but aging itself has little impact
List ROUTES of ADMINISTRATION
- Oral
- IV (intravenous)
- IM (intramuscular)
- SQ (subcutaneous)
- Intra-arterial
- Intrathecal
- Topical
- Transdermal
- Inhalation
- Rectal
- Sublingual
- Buccal
What is distribution in the context of pharmakokinetics
- Where in the body the medication goes
- With aging, total body water decreases, total body fat increases
What is metabolism in the context of pharmakokinetics
- how the medication is broken down in the body
- processed in the Liver :To a more or less active metabolite, usually less
- Some enzymes fail to act until about age 5; some diminish with advanced ag
How the medication is eliminated from the body? What decreases elimination?
known as excretion
- doen by feces or urination
- Renal function gradually declines with age after about age 40
- Medical conditions (diabetes)
- Medications-Other can further decrease renal function
what are Pharmacodynamics?
what the drug does to the body
what is the difference btwn cellular and systemic effects
cellular effects:
consider Biologic response modifying medications that alter receptors like antibiotics
systemic effects cause Upregulationor downregulationof receptors
•Alterations in the physiologic response to medications
•E.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for depression
Go over all the terms
blue chart on slide 23
Describe the non linear Pharmacokinetics
saturation:
exponential effect as more meds are administered
-most drugs
-just a little can cause toxic effect
Linear
more meds= more effect and easy to measure
non linear protein binding
- giving more has no benefit
- small dose is enough
what is measures in clinical trials ?
- Median effective dose
- Median toxic dose
- Median lethal dose - measured in animals
What do the kidneys do?
main excretion organ
what is Creatinine Clearance?
-measurement of renal fxn
-Creatinine is filtered by the glomerulus and secreted by the proximal tubule.
•Creatinine clearance is clearance from the blood
•Estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Normal: Females 100-110 Males: 120-130
What is Cyp450
an enzyme essential for medication metabolism
- can compete for receptor and enhance med effects or diminish effects
- can be inhibited or induce- inhibiting the enzyme will INCREASE the [plasma]
- if a medication is an indicer of cyp450, enzyme activity will increase and will DECREASE [Plasma]
what is Polymorphism
–genetic variability
- depending on our genetic expression either an increased or decreased drug effect seen *(change to ones response to meds)
