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Pharmacology Exam 2 > Pharmacology of PNS > Flashcards

Pharmacology of PNS Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that affect the ANS are used in

A 
Anesthesia
Emergency Medicine
Allergic reactions
CV dz
GI d/o
Ashtma
psychiatric d/o
glaucoma
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2
Q

Adverse reaction to many drugs are expressed through

A

interaction with receptors in the ANS

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3
Q

Drugs that directly affect somatic responses at skeletal muscles are used

A

During surgical procedures and in the ICU to limit movement

in the treatment of myasthenia Gravis

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4
Q

2 major neurotransmitters in the PNS

A

ACH

NE

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5
Q

steps in neurotransmission

A 
Synthesis of NT
storage of NT
Release of NT
Receptor binfing (Recognition ) of NT
Inactivation of NT`
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6
Q

Receptor for ACH

A

Adrenergic receptor

Cholinergic receptor

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7
Q

Types of Adrenergic receptors

A

alpha 1 and alpha 2

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8
Q

subtypes of alpha 1 and alpha 1

A

beta1, beta2, beta3

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9
Q

Cholinergic receptors

A

Nicotinic receptors

Muscarinic receptors

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10
Q

Nicotinic receptor types

A

Nn

Nm )sodium channels compromised of 5 subunits

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11
Q

Muscarinic receptor

A 
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
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12
Q

Location of Alpha 1 receptors

A 
Most vascular smooth muscle 
Pupillary radial muscle
Genitourinary smooth muscle 
Sphincters
Pilomotor smooth muscle (skin)
Sweat glands
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13
Q

Location of Alpha 2 receptors

A 
Some vasuclar smooth muscle 
Presynaptic ( NE , some ACh nerves 
platelets 
pancreas
CNS
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14
Q

Location of Beta 1 and physiological response

A
  • Heart…..stimulates rate, conduction velocity, force of contraction
  • Kidney —-Renin release
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15
Q

Location of Beta 2 receptors and physiological response

A
  • skeletal pulmonary musculature —-relaxes (vasdilation)
  • Bronchial smooth muscle -relaxes (Bronchodilation)
  • GI, bladder, uterus ( relaxes )
  • Liver and skeletal muscle ( glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis ( hyperglycemia, lactci acidemia )
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16
Q

Location of Beta 3 receptors and physiological response

A

Adipocytes –lipolysis, thermogenesis

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17
Q

Location of Muscarinic receptors M1-M5

A 
Heart M2>>M3
SA node
Atria
AV node
GI smooth muscle 
Eye-circular and ciliary muscle 
Bladder wall 
Bronchial smooth muscle 
Sphincters 
Glands( sweat, lacrimal, salivery, gastric )
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18
Q

What are the physiological responses for Muscarinic receptors in heart

A

Decreases rate
Decreases contractility
Slows conduction

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19
Q

What are the physiological responses for Muscarinic receptors in GI

A

increases tone, motility

secretions,

20
Q

What are the physiological responses for Muscarinic receptors in eye

A

secretions
contraction
meiosis
accomodation for near vision

21
Q

What are the physiological responses for Muscarinic receptors in sweat glands?

A

contraction ( voiding reflex)
Bronchoconstriction
Relaxation

22
Q

Location for Nicotinic Na

A

Autonomic ganglia –depolarization and firing of pos ganglionic neuron
Adrenal gland –depolarization of adrenal chromaffin cell

23
Q

Location for Nicotinic M

A

Skeletal muscle (motor end plate)–End plate depolarization, contraction

24
Q

At higher doses dopamine stimulates what receptors?

A

Beta 1

alpha receptors

25
Q

catecholamines

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine

26
Q

Uses of epinephrine

A

Anaphylaxis
Vasoconsrictor added to local anesthetics
Topical hemostatic
Cardiac rescue

27
Q

Uses of Norepinephrine

A

Blood pressure support

28
Q

Uses of Dopamine

A

Severe CHF
cardiogenic
septic shock

29
Q

Agents affecting the Sympathetic nerve ending

A 
alpha-CH3-DOPA
Cocaine 
Imipramine
Reserpine
Ephedrine 
amphetamine 
Tyramine 
Guanethidine
Brethylium
MAO inhibitors
COMT inhibitors
30
Q

Mechanism of action for alpha-CH3-DOPA

A

Metabolic transformation

31
Q

Effect of alpha-CH3-DOPA

A

Displacement of NE

32
Q

Mechanism of action for Cocaine and imipramine

A

Block neuronal uptake

33
Q

Effect of Cocaine and imipramine

A

potentiate response

34
Q

Mechanism of actions for Reserpine

A

Blockage of storage granule

35
Q

Type of adrenergic agonists

A
  1. direct
  2. indirect
  3. mixed
36
Q

Examples of indirect agonists

A

amphetamine

tyramine

37
Q

Example of mixed agonists

A

Ephedrine

38
Q

Alpha receptor agonists

A

Peripheral vascular resistance is increased
Blood pressure is maintained or elevated
Useful in some pt whit hypotension or shock
Also are used topically as nasal decongestant

39
Q

Alpha -1 selective agonists -Direct acting:

A

Phenylephrine
Methoxamine
Several azoline derivatives

40
Q

Alpha 2 selective agonist are used for

A

Treatment of hypertension ( topically in opthalmology)

41
Q

mechanism of action of Alpha 2 selective agonists

A

activation of alpha 2 receptors in the cardiovascular control center of the CNS which suppress the outflow of sympathetic nervous system activity from the brain.

42
Q

Major adverse effect of Alpha 2 selective agonist

A

Dry mouth

Sedation

43
Q

Examples of Alpha 2 selective agonist drugs

A

Clonidine
Guanfacine ,
Guanabenz

44
Q

Beta receptor agonists

A

Treatment of brnchocontriction in pt with asthma or COPD

Occasionally used for cardiac stimulation

45
Q

Examples of Nonselective Beta agonists

A

Isoproterenol

Epinephrine (also activates alpha receptors )

46
Q

Side effects pf Beta 2 selective agonists

A

major adverse effects of beta adrenergic agonists in the treatment of asthma are caused by stimulation of cardiac beta 1 receptor

Pharmacology Exam 2 (1 decks)

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