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NCLEX Pharmacology and labs > Pharmacology NCLEX study > Flashcards

Pharmacology NCLEX study Flashcards

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1
Q
  • cort-
  • lone
  • sone
A

corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory)
cortisone, hydrocortisone
methylprednisone, prednisolone, cortisone, dexamethasone, prednisone
Side effects: weight gain, mood swings, blurry vision, bruises, hyperglycemia, weakness, immunosuppression

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2
Q

-caine

A

local anesthetics
bupivacaine, cocaine, lidocaine, xylocaine
Side Effects: Bruising, itching, redness at injection site, numbness, nausea.

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3
Q

-Ane

A

General anesthetics
cyclohexane, ethane, flurane
Side Effects: Sedation, respiratory depression, malignant hyperthermia, dry mouth, N/V post op.

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4
Q

-Barbital

A

Barbiturates (sedative-hypnotics)
Amobarbital, Pentobarbital, Secobarbital
Side Effects: dizziness, sedation, headache, NV, abdominal pain

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5
Q

-Zoline

A

nasal decongestants
oxymetazoline, xylometazoline
Side Effects: dryness or burning in nose, sneezing, dizziness, headache

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6
Q

Warfarin monitor for/antidote

A

PT, INR

antidote: vitamin K

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7
Q

Heparin monitor/antedote

A

aPTT

antidote: protamine sulfate

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8
Q

-Zine

A

Phenothiazines (antipsychotics)
chlorpromazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine
Side Effects: dry mouth, confusion, dizziness, trembling, extrapyramidal symptoms.

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9
Q

-Tidine

A

H2 receptor antagonist (anti-ulcer)
cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine, ranitidine
Side Effects: headache, rarely-diarrhea, dizziness, rash, gynecomastia

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10
Q

-stine

A

antineoplastics (anti-tumor)
carmustine, lomustine, vinblastine, vincristine
Side effects: Pancytopenia, fatigue, NVD, anorexia, hair loss, skin changes

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11
Q

-Terol

A

bronchodilators
albuterol, bitolterol, levalbuterol, pirbuterol
Side Effects: Tachycardia, arrhythmias, NVD, headache, insomnia, palpitations

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12
Q

-stigmine

A

cholinergics (gluacoma & myasthenias gravis)
neostigmine, physostigmine, pyridostigmine
Side effects: increased sweating, incontinence, weakness, NVD, abdominal pain, bradycardia, excessive drooling.

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13
Q

-Calci-

A

calcium and vitamin D supplements
calciferol, calcitriol, ergocalciferol
side Effects: irritability, chest pain, shortness of breath, NV, weight loss, weakness.

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14
Q

-dronate

A

bisphosphonates (slow down/prevent bone loss)
alendronate, etidronate, pamidronate, risedronate
side effects: bone pain, GI upset, flu-like symptoms, hypocalcemia, rash

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15
Q

-Ine

A

stimulants
amphetamine, caffeine, terbutaline, theophylline
Side Effects: anorexia, tachycardia, nausea, hypertension, excitability, insomnia

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16
Q

-setron

A

5-HT3 receptor blocker (anti-emetics)
dolasetron, granisetron, ondansetron
Side Effects: Headache, fatigue, flushing, rash, prolonged QT interval, diarrhea

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17
Q

digoxin therapeutic level

A

0.8- 2 mcg/L

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18
Q

cef-

ceph-

A

caphalosporins (antibiotics)
cefadroxil, cefaclor, cefixime, cefibuten
cephalexin, cephapirin, cepharadine
Side effects: stomach discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, thrush, rash

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19
Q

rifa-

A

antituberculines
rifamate, rifampin, rifapentine, rifater
Side Effects: ototoxicity, hepatotoxicity, joint pain, NV, anorexia.

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20
Q

-actone

A

potassium sparing diuretic
aldactone, spironolactone
Side Effects: hyperkalemia, headache, hyponatremia, dizziness, muscle cramps
hypotension.

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21
Q

-cillin

A

Penicillins
ampicillin, penicillin, nafcillin
side effects: hypersensitivity, NVD, abdominal pain, C. difficle

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22
Q
  • cyclovir
  • ciclovir
  • vir
A 
antivirals
famciclovir
ganciclovir
acyclovir
valacyclovir
abacavir
zanamivir
Side Effects: NVD, muscle aches, vision changes, head ache, weakness
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23
Q

-dazole

A

nitroimidazole (antimicrobial)
metronidazole
Side Effects: candida, weakness, headache, neurotoxicity

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24
Q

-pril

A

ACE inhibitors (antihypertensives)
benazepril, captopril, moexipril, quinapril, enalapril
Side Effects: dry mouth, cough, fatigue, dizziness, headaches, hypotension

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25
Q

-prazole

A

proton pump inhibitors (antiulcer)
iansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole
Side Effects: NVD, abdominal pain, fever, headache, flatulence

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26
Q

-azole

A

antifungals
butoconazole, econazole, fluconazole
Side Effects: nausea, dark urine, clay colored stools, flu-like symptoms, red skin rash.

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27
Q
  • Navir

- Vudine

A

HIV/AIDS antivirals
amprenavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir
lamdivudine, stavudine, zidovudine
Side Effects: NVD, anorexia, fatigue, anxiety, nephro/hepatotoxicity.

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28
Q

-Floxacin

A

Fluoroquinolones (antibiotics)
ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin
side effects: NV, GI upset, dizziness, insomnia, headache

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29
Q

-micin

A

aminoglycosides (antibiotics)
gentamicin
Side Effects: candida, weakness,headache, neurotoxicity

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30
Q

-mycin

A

aminoglycosides/macrolides
erythromycin, Tobramycin, vancomycin
Side Effects: ototoxicity, hypersensitivity, cholestatic hepatitis, NVD

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31
Q

sulfa-

A

sulfonamides (antibiotics)
sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfasoxazole
Side effects: skin rash, itching, headache, NVD, tiredness, dizziness

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32
Q

-Quine

A

antiparasitics
chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine
Side Effects: anorexia, headache, dizziness, weight loss, neuropathy.

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33
Q

-Semide

A

Loop Diuretic
Bumetanide, Furosemide, Torsemide
Side Effects: hyponatremia, hypokalemia, thirst, headache, hypotension

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34
Q

-thiazide

A

Thiazide diuretics
Benzthiazide, hydrochlorothiazide
Side Effects: anorexia, dizziness, GI upset, headache, weakness, hypotension.

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35
Q

-Ase

A

Thrombolytics (clot busters)
Eminase, REtavase, streptokinase
Side Effects: Bleeding, Bruising easily, possible embolus, acute kidney injury

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36
Q

-parin

A

anticoagulant
enoxaparin, heparin
side effects: bleeding, bruising, thrombocytopenia

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37
Q

-Azosin

A 
Alpha blockers (adrenergic antagonists)
Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin
Side Effects: orthostatic hypotension, edema, headache, tiredness, itching.
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38
Q

-lol

A 
beta blockers (adrenergic antagonists)
atenolol, propranolol, sotalol, metoprolol
Side Effects: Bradycardia, weakness, orthostatic hypotension, headache, GI upset.
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39
Q
  • Dipine

- Zem

A

Calcium Channel Blocker
Amlodipine, felodipine, isradipine, nifedipine
diltazem
Side Effects: Headache, flushing, edema, hypotension, nausea, drowsiness.

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40
Q

-sartan

A

angiotensin -ii receptor blockers (ARB)
candesartan, losartan, telmisartan, valsartan
Side effects: NVD, dizziness, headache, cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension

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41
Q

-statin

A

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (cholesterol reducers)
rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, simvastatin
Side Effects: Headache, insomnia, flushing, muscle aches, NV, abdominal pain

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42
Q

phenytoin therapeutic level

A

10-20 mcg/mL

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43
Q

lithium therapeutic level

A

0.4-1.4 mEq/L

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44
Q

theophylline therapeutic level

A

10-20 mcg/mL

45
Q
  • Lam
  • Pam
  • Zolam
A 
Benzodiazepines (anxiolytics)
alprazolam, midazolam
diazepam, Lorazepam
alprazolam, midazolam
Side Effects: Confusion, drowsiness, sedation, weakness, respiratory depression, ataxia (symptoms which mimic being drunk)., dizziness
46
Q

-Profen

A

NSAIDS (anti-inflammatory)
Fenoprofen, Ibuprofen, ketoprofen
Side Effects: stomach ulcers/pain, headache, bleeding, hypersensitivity.

47
Q

-Triptan

A

anti-migraines
Naratriptian, Rizatriptan
Side Effects: Drowsiness, weakness, numbness or tingling, nausea

48
Q

-Ergot_

A

Ergotamines (anti-migraine)
Ergotamine, Dihydroergotamine
Side Effects: dizziness, vertigo, weakness, NV, mild itching

49
Q

-Triptyline

A

Tricyclics (antidepressants)
Amitriptyline, nortriptyline, protriptyline
Side Effects: Blurred Vision, constipation, dry mouth, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, urine retention

50
Q

Aspirin

A

-do not give with other anticoagulants
stop taking before surgery
do not give to children with viral infection (Reye’s syndrome)

51
Q

NSAIDS (ibuprofen)

A

contraindicated with GI ulcers

52
Q

Opioids (morphine)

A

respiratory depressant

antidote: Naloxone

53
Q

Dilantin

A

anticonvulsant
gum hyperplasia (regular dental checkups)
monitor therapeutic levels.

54
Q

Prednisone

A 
anti-inflammatory
-cushing-like symptoms
immunosuppression
hyperglycemia
osteoporosis
55
Q

Heparin

A

anticoagulant
aPTT
Antidote: Protamine Sulfate

56
Q

Warfarin

A

anticoagulant
PT/INR
antidote: vitamin K

57
Q

Benztropine

A

anti-parkinsonian

treats extrapyramidal symptoms

58
Q

Carbidopa/Levodopa

A

anti-parkinsonian

effective in the absence of tremors

59
Q

Propanolol

A

do not stop abruptly

masks signs of hypoglycemia

60
Q

Potassium Chloride

A 
Potassium supplement
Check labs prior to administration
never give IV push
caution with potassium sparing diuretic
do not give with renal failure
61
Q

Theophylline

A

brochodilator

monitor therapeutic levels

62
Q

Albuterol

A

monitor for tachycardia & tremors

may also decrease potassium levels.

63
Q

digoxin

A

cardiac glycoside
toxicity( visual changes, yellow/green halo; loss of appetite)
assess apical pulse for a full minute prior to administration.

64
Q

Magnesium sulfate

A 
anti-eclamptic
used in preeclampsia
monitor deep tendon reflexes
assess for respiratory depression
seizure precautions
65
Q

furosemide (diuretics)

A

potassium wasting

monitor potassium levels (decreased potassium)

66
Q

spironolactone

A

potassium sparing diuretics

monitor potassium levels (increased potassium)

67
Q

lithium

A

therapeutic range 0.8-1.2

increased fluid intake

68
Q 
MAOI's rasagiline (Azilect),
selegiline (Eldepryl, Zelapar),
isocarboxazid (Marplan),
phenelzine (Nardil), and.
tranylcypromine (Parnate).
A

avoid food with tyramine (aged cheeses, wine)

69
Q

disulfiram

A

avoid alcohol intake of any kind (mouthwash, OTC, cough syrups)

70
Q

oxytocin

A

assess uterus for tetanic contraction (constant)

monitor fetal heart rate

71
Q

terbutaline

A

tocolytic (stop contractions)
don’t give before 20 weeks
monitor fetal heart rate

72
Q

amphotericin B (antifungal)

A 
IVPB Slow
Monitor for renal damage
increase fluid intake
assess K+ and BUN
assess hearing
73
Q

atropine (anticholinergic)

A

GI- slows motility
eyes- dilates pupils (avoid in glaucoma)
cardiac - increase heart rate
resp- bronchodilation

74
Q

chemotherapy

A

use extreme caution

wear gloves and mask while mixing and administering

75
Q

allupurinol

A

anti-gout
increase fluid intake
avoid organ meats
pt will have increased urine output

76
Q

colchicine

A

anti-gout

may cause bloody diarrhea if toxicity occurs.

77
Q

miotics

A

constrict pupils

used with glaucoma (allows for increased drainage of aqueous humor)

78
Q

mydriatics

A

dilate pupils

avoid with glaucoma-increased intraocular pressure

79
Q

calcium

A

9 to 10.5 mg/dL

80
Q

magnesium

A

1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L

81
Q

Phosphorus (PO4)

A

3 to 4.5

82
Q

Chloride

A

98 to 106 mEq/L

83
Q

RBC

A

male 4.7 to 6.1

females 4.2 to 5.4 million/uL

84
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

less than 20 mm/hr

85
Q

Total serum cholesterol

A

less than 200 mg/dL

risk for cardiac or stroke event with levels greater than 150 mg/dL is the target range for therapy

86
Q

LDL

A

less than 130 mg/dL

87
Q

HDL

A

males greater than 45 mg/dL

females greater than 55 mg/dL

88
Q

triglycerides

A

less than 150 mg/dL
males 40 to 160
females 35 to 135

89
Q

PT

A

11 to 12.5 seconds

critical value greater than 20 seconds

90
Q

Therapeutic range PT for anticoagulant therapy

A

1.5 to 2 times the normal or control value

91
Q

activate partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)

A

30 to 40 seconds. critical value greater than 70 seconds

92
Q

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

A

60 to 70 seconds
critical value greater than 100
Therapeutic range for anticoagulant therapy is 1.5 to 2 times the normal or control value

93
Q

INR

A

normal INR is 0.8 to 1.1
if the client requires anticoagulation, the desired value is increased to approximately 2 to 3. Critical value greater than 5.
The INR is a corrected ratio of a client’s prothrombin time to normal.
universal test is not affected by variations in laboratory norms.

94
Q

platelets critical values

A

less than 20,000 or greater than 1 million

95
Q

albumin

A

3.5 to 5 g/dl

96
Q

ammonia

A

10 to 80 mcg/dL

97
Q

total bilirubin

A

0.1 to 1 mg/dL

98
Q

total protein

A

6 to 8 g/dl

99
Q

urine specific gravity

A

1.005 to 1.030

100
Q

urine protein

A

0 to 8 mg/dL

101
Q

urine glucose

A

less than 0.5 g/day

102
Q

urine ketones

A

none

103
Q

urine pH

A

4.6 to 8

104
Q

urine WBC

A

male 0 to 3 per highpower field; females 0-5 per high power field

105
Q

creatinine clearance test

A

males 90 to 139 mL/min females 80 to 125 mL/min

This is a calculation of glomerular filtration rate and is the best indicator of overall renal function.

106
Q

phenobarbital therapeutic range

A

10 to 40 mcg/mL

107
Q

blood glucose fasting

A

70 to 105 mg/dL

108
Q

glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

A

4 to 6% is expected range

greater than 8 % indicates poor diabetes mellitus control.

NCLEX Pharmacology and labs (1 decks)

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