Pharmacology MOA Flashcards
1
Q
acetaminophen Tylenol
A
Pain killer; Unknown MOA; NOT anti-inflammatory
SE: hepatotoxicity!
2
Q
acetazolamide Diamox
A
CAI
3
Q
acetylcysteine Mucomyst
A
Breaks up disulfide bonds in mucous
Topical can be rxed for filamentary keratitis, dry eye, corneal burns
4
Q
acyclovir Zovirax
A
Herpes medication; inhibits DNA polymerase
5
Q
albuterol Ventolin
A
B2 agonist
SE: increases aqueous production/glaucoma
6
Q
allopurinol Zyloprim
A
Purine analog; inhibits purine synthesis
Treatment of gout
7
Q
amantadine Symmetrel
A
Adrenergic agonist; Parkinson’s drug; dopamine agonist
8
Q
amiodarone Cordarone
A
Anti-arrhythmic drug; K channel blocker
SE: Whorl keratopathy, NAION, anterior subcapsular lens deposits
9
Q
amitriptyline Elavil
A
Anti-depressant; TCA; inhibits NE and serotonin reuptake
SE: anticholinergic effects; TCA overdose is life-threatening!!!
10
Q
amoxicillin Principen
A
Antibiotic; inhibits transpeptidase (cell wall synthesis)
Gram + (primary) and gram -
Safe in pregnancy!
11
Q
amphotericin B Amphocin
A
Anti-fungal; binds to ergosterol and forms pores
Broad spectrum; SE: nephrotoxicity
12
Q
apraclonidine Iopidine
A
Alpha 2 agonist
13
Q
atenolol Tenormin
A
Beta-1 blocker
14
Q
atorvastatin Lipitor
A
HTN Medication
15
Q
azathioprine Imuran
A
RA Treatment; purine analog; stops DNA/RNA replication
16
Q
azelastine Optivar
A
x
17
Q
azithromycin Zithromax
A
Antibiotic; Macrolide; Protein synthesis inhibitor; inhibits 50s ribosomal subunit
Tx of chlamydia; 1 gm dose
Tx of bacterial conjunctivitis, bleph
18
Q
benazepril Lotensin
A
HTN Med; ACE inhibitor
SE: cough
19
Q
bepotastine Bepreve
A
Mast cell stabilizer/Antihistamine combo
20
Q
besifloxacin Besivance
A
Fluoroquinolone (Gen 4); inhibits DNA synthesis via DNA gyrase and topoisomerase
Gram - and +
Oral: CI pregnancy/children
21
Q
betaxolol Betoptic S
A
B1 selective Beta blocker
22
Q
bimatoprost Lumigan
A
Prostaglandin analog
23
Q
botulinum toxin Botox
A
Parasympathetic antagonist; blocks aceytlcholine
24
Q
brimonidine Alphagan P
A
Alpha 2 agonist
Decreases aqueous production and increases uveoscleral outflow
25
brinzolamide Azopt
CAI
| Decreases aqueous production
26
bromfenac Xibrom
NSAID; COX 1 and 2 inhibotor
27
bromocriptine Parlodel
Parkinson's drug; dopamine agonist
| Also used to treat pituitary adenomas
28
brompheniramine Dimetane
Cholinergic antagonist; Antihistamine; 1st gen H1 blocker
| SE: sedation, mydriasis, dry eyes
29
captopril Capoten
HTN Med; ACE Inhibitor
| SE: cough
30
carteolol Ocupress
Beta blocker (sympathomimetic activity)
31
ceftriaxone Rocephin
Antibiotic; 3rd gen cephalosporin
Treatment of choice for gonococcal conjunctivitis and orbital cellulitis
Gram + and -
32
celecoxib Celebrex
NSAID; Selective cox 2 inhibitor; Protects stomach lining
33
cephalexin Keflex
Antibiotic; 1st gen cephalosporin; inhibits transpeptidase
| Gram +
34
cetirizine Zyrtec
2nd gen anti-histamine; H1 blocker
| SE: oculogyric crisis! (abnormal EOM contractions)
35
chloramphenicol Chloromycetin
Antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor; inhibits 50s ribosomal subunit
Gram + and -
SE of topical: Fatal aplastic anemia, optic neuritis
36
chloroquine Aralen
Malaria treatment; results in the buildup of heme, inhibits phospholipase A
SE: Whorl keratopathy, bulls eye maculopathy
Risk increases if > 2.3 mg/kg of real body weight
37
chlorothiazide Diuril
HTN Drug; Thiazide diuretic; inhibits NaCl reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
SE: acute transient myopia, angle closure glaucoma
38
chlorpheniramine Chlor-Trimeton
Cholinergic antagonist; Anti-histamine; 1st gen H1 blocker
| SE: sedation, mydriasis, dry eyes
39
chlorpromazine Thorazine
Antipsychotic; Cholinergic antagonist; Anti-psychotic; dopamine antagonist
SE: Parkinson-like effects, pigmentation effects, anticholinergic effects, oculogyric crisis
40
chlorpropamide Diabinese
Diabetes med; sulfonurea; increases the secretion of insulin by beta cells
SE: hypoglycemia
41
cholestyramine Questran
Cholesterol medication
42
cimetidine Tagamet
Anti-histamine; H2 blocker
| Prevents stomach ulcers/acid reflux
43
ciprofloxacin Ciloxan or Cipro
Antibiotic; fluoroquinolone (gen 2); Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis via DNA gyrase and topoisomerase
Gram -
Oral: CI pregnancy/children
44
clarithromycin Biaxin
Antibiotic; macrolide; protein synthesis inhibitor; 50s ribosomal subunit inhibitor
45
clindamycin Cleocin
Antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor; binds reversibly to the 50s ribosomal subunit
Treatment of MRSA
46
clonidine Catapres
HTN med; Alpha 2 agonist
| SE: dry mouth, sedation, impotence, etc.
47
cromolyn sodium Crolom
Mast cell stabilizer
48
cyclobenzaprine Flexeril
Cholinergic antagonist; Muscle relaxant
| SE: anticholinergic effects ie. dilation
49
cyclopentolate Cyclogyl
Muscarinic antagonist; max effect 45 minutes
50
cyclosporine Neoral or
| Sandimmune
Restasis! Immunomodulator; inhibits production of interleukin-2 and therefore inhibits T Cells
SE (oral): reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: HA, seizures, visual disturbances
51
dexamethasone Maxidex
Steroid
| Inhibits phospholipase A
52
dextroamphetamine Dexedrine
ADHD Drug; dopamine agonist
| SE: mydriasis, dry eyes
53
diazepam Valium
Cholinergic antagonist; Anti-anxiety med; opens chloride channels by bidning to GABA (inhibitory) receptors
SE: anticholinergic activity
54
diclofenac Voltaren
NSAID
| COX 1 and 2 inhibitor
55
dicloxacillin Dynapen
Antibiotic; Cell wall synthesis/transpeptidase inhibitor
Gram +; Resistant to penicillinase
Safe in pregnancy!
56
difluprednate Durezol
Steroid
| Inhibits
57
digoxin Lanoxin
HTN Drug; Na/K pump inhibitor
| SE: retrobulbar optic neuritis, B/Y color defects, entopic phenomenon (snowy, dimming vision)
58
diltiazem Cardizem
HTN med; Calcium channel blocker; decreases smooth muscle contraction
59
diphenhydramine Benadryl
Cholinergic antagonist; Anti-histamine; 1st gen H1 blocker
| SE: sedation, mydriasis, dry eyes
60
dipyridamole Persantine
x
61
donepezil Aricept
Cholinergic agonist; acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Treatment of Alzheimer's dz
SE: reduced IOP due to indirect cholinergic agonist activity
62
dorzolamide Trusopt
CAI
63
echothiophate Phospholine
Indirect parasympathetic agonist; inhibits acetocholinesterase
Long-lasting effects
64
edrophonium Enlon
AKA Tensilon test; Indirect cholinergic agonist
| Inhibits acetylcholinesterase
65
emedastine Emadine
Antihistamine; H1 antagonist
66
enalapril Vasotec
HTN Med; ACE inhibitor
| SE: cough
67
epinastine Elestat
H1 antagonist/Mast Cell Stablizer Combo
BEZ POP
68
esomeprazole Nexium
Treatment of GERD; proton pump inhibitor (inhibits H/K ATPase)
69
ethambutol Myambutol
TB med; inhibits arabinosyl transferase
| SE: optic neuritis (bilateral)
70
famciclovir Famvir
Anti-viral; Treatment of Herpes
71
famotidine Pepcid
Anti-histamine; H2 blocker
| Prevents stomach ulcers/acid reflux
72
fexofenadine Allegra
2nd gen anti-histamine; H`1 blocker
73
fluconazole Diflucan
Anti-fungal; inhibits ergosterol synthesis
74
fluorometholone FML
Steroid (mild)
75
fluoxetine Prozac
Anti-depressant; SSRI
| SE: mydriasis, serotonin syndrome
76
flurbiprofen Ocufen
NSAID
77
fluticasone Flonase or
| Flovent
Steroid; inhibits phospholipase A2
| SE: cataracts, increased IOP, dry eye
78
foscarnet Foscavir
Anti-viral; DNA polymerase inhibitor
| "Safety net if gancyclovir fails"
79
furosemide Lasix
HTN Med; loop diuretic; inhibits Na/2Cl/K co-transporters in the ascending loop of Henle
80
ganciclovir Zirgan
Treatment of Herpes; inhibits DNA polymerase
| Tx: HSV keratitis, CMV retinitis
81
gatifloxacin Zymar
Fluoroquinolone (gen 4); Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis via DNA gyrase and topoisomerase
Gram - and +
82
gemfibrozil Lopid
Cholesterol medication
83
gentamicin Garamycin
Antibiotic; Aminoglycoside; inhibits 30s ribosomal subunit; protein synthesis inhibitor
Gram - and +
84
glipizide Glucotrol
DM Medication; sulfonurea; increases secretion of insulin by beta cells
SE: hypoglycemia
85
glyburide Diabeta or
| Micronase
DM Medication; sulfonurea; increases secretion of insulin by beta cells
SE: hypoglycemia
86
glycerin Osmoglyn
Hyperosmotic
87
griseofulvin Grifulvin V
Anti-fungal; inhibits fungal mitosis, interferes with microtubule formation
"Greasy scalp, nails"
88
hydralazine Apresoline
HTN Drug; increases cGMP, smooth muscle relaxation
89
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrodiuril
HTN Drug; Thiazide diuretic; inhibits NaCl reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
SE: acute transient myopia, angle closure glaucoma
90
hydrocortisone Cortef
Steroid; Inhibits phospholipase A
91
hydroxychloroquine Plaquenil
Anti-malarial drug; inhibits phospholipase A2 and causes a buildup of heme
SE: Whorl keratopathy, bull's eye maculopathy
Risk increased if dose >5 mg/kg/day body weight
92
ibuprofen Motrin or
| Advil
NSAID; reversibly inhibits COX 1 and 2
| CI in coronary artery dz/stroke
93
imipramine Tofranil
Cholinergic antagonist; Anti-depressant; TCA; inhibits NE and serotonin reuptake
SE: anticholinergic effects; TCA overdose is life threatening!!!
94
indomethacin Indocin
NSAID; reversible COX-1 and 2 inhibitor
CI in coronary artery dz/stroke
SE: whorl keratopathy, retinal pigmentary changes
95
ipratropium Atrovent
Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic blockade/bronchodilation
| SE: pupil dilation/angle closure
96
isoniazid Nydrazid
TB drug; inhibits mycolic acid/cell wall synthesis
| SE: optic neuritis, hepatotoxicity
97
isoproterenol Isuprel
Nonselective Beta agonist
98
isotretinoin Accutane
Acne treatment
99
ketoconazole Nizoral
Anti-fungal; inhibits ergosterol synthesis
100
ketorolac Acular or
| Toradol
NSAID
101
ketotifen Zaditor
Anti-histamine
102
labetalol Trandate
HTN Med; Non-selective beta-antagonist
103
latanoprost Xalatan
Prostaglandin analog
104
levalbuterol Xopenex
B2 agonist
| SE: increases aqueous production/glaucoma
105
levobunolol Betagan
B blocker
106
levofloxacin Quixin
Antibiotic (fluoroquinolone gen 3); inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase
Gram - and +
Oral AND topical: CI pregnancy/children
107
levothyroxine Synthroid
Thyroid med; synthetic T4 hormone
| SE: pseudotumor cerebri
108
lidocaine Xylocaine
NSAID
109
lindane Kwell
Lice treatment; absorbed through the exoskeleton of insects; leads to seizures and death
110
lisinopril Prinivil or
| Zestril
HTN Med; ACE inhibitor
| SE: cough
111
lodoxamide Alomide
Mast cell stabilizer
112
loratadine Claritin
2nd gen anti-histamine (H1 antagonist)
113
losartan Cozaar
HTN Med; angiotensin II receptor antagonist
114
loteprednol Alrex or
| Lotemax
Steroid
115
lovastatin Mevacor
HTN med
116
mannitol Osmitrol
HTN Med; Hyperosmotic
| SE: dry eye
117
meperidine Demerol
Opiate analgesic; agonist at mu, kappa, delta opiate receptors
SE: miosis, papilledema
118
metaproterenol Alupent
B2 agonist
| SE: increases aqueous production/glaucoma
119
metformin Glucophage
Diabetes med; biguanide; decreases gluconeogenesis
| Does not cause hypoglycermia
120
methazolamide Neptazane
x
121
methotrexate Rheumatrex
Rheumatoid arthritis treatment; inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
SE: myelosuppression/opportunistic infections
122
methylphenidate Ritalin
ADHD drug; dopamine agonist
| SE: mydriasis, dry eyes
123
metipranolol OptiPranolol
Beta blocker
124
metoprolol Lopressor
HTN med; Beta-1 blocker
| Spares the lungs
125
metronidazole MetroGel or
| MetroCream
Anti-fungal
126
miconazole Monistat-Derm
Anti-fungal; inhibits ergosterol synthesis
127
montelukast Singulair
Asthma drug; leukotriene receptor antagonist
128
moxifloxacin Vigamox or
| Avelox
Antibiotic; Fluoroquinolone (4th gen); inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase
Gram - and +
Oral: CI pregnancy/children
129
naloxone Narcan
Opiate antagonist
130
naphazoline Naphcon
Alpha 1 agonist
131
naproxen Aleve
NSAID; reversibly inhibits COX-1 and 2
| CI in coronary artery dz/stroke
132
natamycin Natacyn
Anti-fungal; binds to ergosterol and forms pores
133
nedocromil Tilade
x
134
neostigmine Prostigmin
Indirect cholinergic agonist; acetocholinesterase inhibitor
| Treatment of myasthenia gravis
135
nepafenac Nevanac
NSAID
136
nifedipine Procardia
HTN med; Calcium channel blocker; decreases smooth muscle contraction
137
nystatin Mycostatin
Antifungal; Binds to ergosterol and forms pores
| Not indicated for ophthalmic use
138
ofloxacin Ocuflox
Antibiotic; fluoroquinolone (2nd gen); inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase
Gram -
Oral: CI pregnancy/children
139
olopatadine Patanol
H1 antagonist/mast cell stabilizer
140
omeprazole Prilosec
Anti-histamine; H2 blocker
| Prevents stomach ulcers/acid reflux
141
oseltamivir Tamiflu
Treatment of influenza; inhibits viral neuraminidase
142
oxycodone Roxicodone
Opiate analgesic; agonist at mu, kappa, delta opiate receptors
SE: miosis, papilledema
143
pegaptanib Macugen
Anti-VEGF
144
pemirolast Alamast
Mast cell stabilizer
145
penicillamine Cuprimine
x
146
phenelzine Nardil
Cholinergic antagonist; anti-depressant; MAOI
| SE: glaucoma, nystagmus, interactions with other drugs, lethal HTN crisis
147
phenobarbital Luminal
Anticonvulsant; reduces glutamtergic excitatory transmissions by blocking AMPA receptors
SE: mydriasis, increased IOP, cycloplegia
LDT "limits debilitating tremors"
148
phenylephrine Neo-Synephrine
A1 agonist
149
phenytoin Dilantin
Anticonvulsant; acts on multiple neurotransmitters
Side effect: nystagmus, EOM palsies, diplopia
"Limits debilitating tremors"
150
pioglitazone Actos
Diabetes med; thiazolidinedione; activates PPAR-gamma to increase glucose uptake
Combats insulin resistance
SE: hypoglycemia, macular edema
151
piroxicam Feldene
NSAID; reversible COX-1 and 2 inhibitor
| CI in coronary artery dz/stroke
152
pralidoxime Protopam
x
153
prazosin Minipress
BPH med; Alpha-1 antagonist; relaxes smooth muscle
| SE: floppy iris syndrome
154
promethazine Phenergan
Anti-histamine; 1st gen H1 blocker
| SE: sedation, mydriasis, dry eyes, corneal endothelial pigmentation, pigmentary retinopathy
155
proparacaine Ophthaine
Topical NSAID
156
propranolol Inderal
HTN med; Non-selective beta-blocker
157
pseudoephedrine Sudafed
Non-selective alpha and beta agonist; treatment of cold symptoms
SE: diplopia, blurred vision, increased IOP, tachycardia
158
pyridostigmine Mestinon
Myasthenia Gravis Treatment; Indirect cholinergic agonist; aceytlcholinesterase inhibitor
159
pyrimethamine Daraprim
Antibiotic; DNA/folate synthesis inhibitor via dihdrofolate reductase
Treatment of toxoplasmosis
SE: Bone marrow suppression/aplastic anemia
160
ranibizumab Lucentis
Anti-VEGF
161
ranitidine Zantac
Anti-histamine; H2 blocker
| Prevents stomach ulcers/acid reflux
162
ribavirin Copegus or
| Rebetol
Hep C Drug; RNA polymerase inhibitor
SE: RIBAViriN
Retinal detachment, ischemia, bleeding, artery/vein occlusions, optic neuritis
163
rifampin Rifadin
TB Drug; inhibits RNA polymerase
| SE: pink tears/urine
164
rimexolone Vexol
Steroid
165
salmeterol Serevent
Long-acting Beta 2 agonist
| SE: increases aqueous production/glaucoma
166
sildenafil Viagra
ED Drug; Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor; Increase blood flow
| Side effects: sub-conj hemes, cyanopsia, photosensitivity
167
simvastatin Zocor
HTN Drug
168
sodium chloride Muro-128
Topical hyperosmotic
169
spironolactone Aldactone
HTN med; potassium-sparing diuretic; blocks the action of aldosterone in the late distal convoluted tubule; increases secretion of sodium and water
170
sucralfate Carafate
Gastric lining protector; H2 blocker
| Binds to damaged stomach ulcer tissue
171
sulfacetamide Sulamyd
Antibiotic; Sulfa drug; DNA/folate inhibitor via dihydropteroate synthase
172
sulfadiazine Microsulfan
Antibiotic; Sulfa drug; DNA/folate synthesis inhibitor via dihydropteroate synthase
Treatment of toxoplasmosis
173
sulfamethoxazole Gantanol
Antibiotic; Sulfa drug; DNA/Folate synthesis inhibitor via dihydropteroate synthase
174
sulfisoxazole Gantrisin
Antibiotic; sulfa drug; DNA inhibitor; inhibits folate synthesis via dihydropteroate synthase
175
sumatriptan Imitrex
Migraine therapy; 5-HT1B and 1D receptor agonist; causes vasoconstriction and reduces inflammation in the CNS
SE: NAION, artery occlusions, venous thromboses
176
tamoxifen Nolvadex
Estrogen receptor competetive partial inhibitor
Breast cancer treatment
SE: crystalline retinopathy, whorl keratopathy
177
tamsulosin Flomax
BPH drug; Alpha-1 antagonist; relaxes smooth muscle
| SE: floppy iris syndrome
178
terazosin Hytrin
BPH drug; Alpha-1 antagonist; relaxes smooth muscle
| SE: floppy iris syndrome
179
terbutaline Brethine
B2 agonist
| SE: increases aqueous production/glaucoma
180
tetrahydrozoline Visine
A2 agonist
181
theophylline Theo-Dur
Bronchodilator; inhibits phosphodiesterase
182
thioridazine Mellaril
Antipsychotic; Cholinergic antagonist; Anti-psychotic; dopamine antagonist
SE: Parkinson-like effects, pigmentation effects, anticholinergic effects, oculogyric crisis
183
timolol Timoptic
B blocker
184
tobramycin Tobrex
Antibiotic; aminoglycoside; inhibits 30s subunit of ribosomal protein
Gram - and +
185
tramadol Ultram
Analgesic; Mu opiate receptor agonist, inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine uptake
186
travoprost Travatan
Glaucoma drug; Prostaglandin analog
Higher efficacy in African Americans
33% IOP reduction
187
triamcinolone Aristocort or
| Kenalog
Steroid; inhibits phospholipase A2
| SE: elevated IOP, endophthalmitis
188
triamterene Dyrenium
HTN Med; potassium-sparing diuretic; blcosk ENaCs in the late distal convoluted tubule
189
trifluridine Viroptic
Herpes drug; Inhibits DNA polymerase
| Tx of Herpes simplex keratitis
190
trimethoprim Primsol
Antibiotic; DNA/folate synthesis inhibitor via dihydrofolate reductase
Side effect: Aplastic anemia- treats marrow poorly
191
tropicamide Mydriacyl
Acetylcholine antagonist
192
valacyclovir Valtrex
Herpes drug; inhibits DNA polymerase
193
vardenafil Levitra
ED Drug; phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor; increases blood flow
| SE: sub-conj hemes, cyanopsia, photosensitivity
194
verapamil Calan or Isoptin
HTN med; Calcium channel blocker; decreases smooth muscle contraction
195
warfarin Coumadin
Anti-clotting drug; vitamin K antagonist
196
zafirlukast Accolate
Asthma drug; leukotriene receptor antagonist
197
zidovudine Retrovir
AIDS drug; inhibits reverse transcriptase
198
Bacitracin
Antibiotic; inhibits transfer of peptidoglycans
| Gram + bacteria
199
Clavulonic Acid
Penicillinase inhibitor (used with amoxicillin to make Augmentin)
200
Tetracycline
Antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor; inhibits 30s ribosomal subunit
CI in pregnancy; leads to blue sclera, pseudotumor cerebri, pigmented conjunctival cysts
201
Doxycycline
Antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor; inhibits 30s ribosomal subunit
CI in pregnancy; leads to blue sclera, pseudotumor cerebri, pigmented conjunctival cysts
Treatment of MRSA!
202
Minocycline
Antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor; inhibits 30s ribosomal subunit
CI in pregnancy; leads to blue sclera, pseudotumor cerebri, pigmented conjunctival cysts
203
Lincomycin
Antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor; reversibly inhibits 50s ribosomal subunit
204
Erythromycin
Antibiotic; Macrolide; protein synthesis inhibitor; inhibits 50s ribosomal subunit
Prophylaxis of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum
205
Bactrim
Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole
| Treatment of MRSA
206
Aspirin
NSAID; irreversible COX-1 and 2 inhibitor
| Associated with Reye's syndrome in children
207
Misoprostol
Synthetic prostaglandin E1; protects stomach lining
| Tx: NSAID-induced stomach ulcers
208
Pilocarpine
Direct cholinergic agonist
209
Acetylcholine
Direct cholinergic agonist
210
Bethanechol
Direct cholinergic agonist
211
Carbachol
Direct cholinergic agonist
212
Escitalopram Lexapro
Anti-depressant; SSRI
| SE: mydriasis, serotonin syndrome
213
Venlafaxine Effexor
Anti-depressant; SNRI
214
Duloxetine Cymbalta
Anti-depressant; SNRI
215
Bupropion Wellbutrin
Anti-depressant/Smoking cessation; SNRI
216
Topiramate Topamax
Anti-convulsant; multiple CNS effects
| SE blurred vision, myopia, diplopia, nystagmus, angle closure glaucoma
217
Rosiglitazone Avandia
Diabetes med; thiazolidinedione; activates PPAR-gamma to increase glucose uptake
Combats insulin resistance
SE: macular edema, hypoglycemia
