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233 > Pharmacology Midterm > Flashcards

Pharmacology Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Why is lorazepam given? What is it?

A

Given pre op to decrease anxiety, produce amnesia, and it is a benzodiazepine

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2
Q

What 2 drugs are given to neutralize gastric acidity pre op? What are their classifications?

A

Ranitidine and sodium citrate. H2RA and antacid

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3
Q

What are 2 inhaled anaesthetics?

A

Nitrous oxide and isoflurane

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4
Q

General anaesthetic used? The effects?

A

Propofol. l/o consciousness, SM relaxation, and depression of reflexes

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5
Q

Example of a local anaesthetic?

A

Lidocaine

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6
Q

Why are neuromuscular blockers used intraoperatively? What is a name of a drug in this class?

A

They induce paralysis. Succinylcholine

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7
Q

Why are gastric acid neutralizers given preoperatively?

A

When patients are NPO before sx, this decreases gastric pH

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8
Q

Metoclopramide works on what pathway and with what NT? Example of a stimulus?

A

Visceral stimulation, dopamine.

Over eating, pain.

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9
Q

Dimenhydrinate’s action

A

Blocks histamine.

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10
Q

Which pathway does dimenhydrinate work on?

A

Higher CNS/Vestibular. (motion)

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11
Q

Ondansetron’s MOA

A

Serotonin blocker

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12
Q

Scopolamine works on what pathway and with what action?

A

Higher CNS/Vestibular. Anticholinergic (blocks ACh)

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13
Q

Which drugs works on the chemoreceptor trigger zone? What does it block?

A

Prochlorperazine. Dopamine
onsansetron - serotonin
metoclopramide - dopamine

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14
Q

What is an example of an antidiarrheal drug?

A

Diphenoxylate w Atropine.

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15
Q

Diphenoxylate w Atropine’s MOA

A

Decreases peristalsis and increases water reabsorption

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16
Q

3 main classes of drugs (not Abx) given for PUD?

A

PPIs, H2RAs, antacids

17
Q

Omeprazole is a…

A

PPI

18
Q

Aluminum Hydroxide is a…

A

antacid

19
Q

Why are PPIs and H2RAs used in PUD?

A

They decrease acidity which upsets and progresses the disease

20
Q

Why is infliximab used in IBD? Classification?

A

It targets TNF which will decreases cytokines releases and consequentially decrease inflammation. Monoclonal Ab

21
Q

What drugs work on the CTZ?

A

metocloprarmide, ondansetron, prochloroprazine

22
Q

What NTs involved in CTZ?

A

Dopamine and serotonin

23
Q

What drugs work viscerally?

A

metoclopramide and ondansetron

24
Q

What NTs are released viscerally?

A

dopamine and serotonin

25
Q

What drugs work viscerally as antiemetics?

A

ondansetron and metoclopramide

26
Q

What NTs are released higher CNS/Vestibular?

A

Histamine, serotonin, and Ach

27
Q

What drugs work at the higher CNS/Vestibular level?

A

Dimenhydrinate and scopolamine

28
Q

What NT does scopolamine block?

A

ACH

29
Q

What is the most useful antiemetic for GI DISEASE induced nausea?

A

Metoclopramide

30
Q

What drug do we avoid for visceral nausea?

A

Metoclopramide

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