Pharmacology Lecture Flashcards
What are PT responsibilities related to Medication Management?
Monitor and report
- desired effects
- Adverse effects
- toxic effects
- Vital signs during treatment
What should we coordinate Pt treatment with in terms of medications?
optimal drug effects
What do we need to schedule PT around to maximize the drug’s effects?
The drug schedule
What do PTs need to be able to recognize in terms of medications?
Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions
What should PT’s be knowledgeable on in terms of drugs the patient is taking?
Potential drug interactions
What do PTs have to monitor while doing activity and exercise in terms of drugs?
Responses to medications
What does patient and family education and compliance result in?
safe administration of drugs
adherence to a medication schedule
appropriate doses and frequence
What do we encourage the patient and the family to do in terms of pharmacies?
Encourage centralization of medication through use of one pharmacy
What is the chemical in terms of drug nomenclature?
specific structure of the compound
What does generic mean in terms of drug nomenclature?
non-proprietary name, used in US pharmacopeia
What is a trade name in terms of drug nomenclature?
Assigned by pharmaceutical companies, copyright name
How long does it take to get proprietary rights through a patent?
20 years
How long does drug discovery take?
2-5 years
How long does pre-clinical development last?
1.5 years
How long does Clinical development last?
5-7 years
How long does it take to get regulatory approval?
1-2 years
What is phase IV?
Postmarketing surveillance
When does drug exclusivity mean?
a period of time when a brand-name drug is protected from generic drug competition.
What does drug exclusivity promote?
A balance between drug innovation and generic drug competition
When does drug exclusivity begin?
Upon drug approval
Some drugs have both ________ & __________ protection
Patent
Exclusivity
How long do new brand-name drugs have exclusivity?
5 years
How long is orphan drug exclusivity?
7 years
What is an orphan drug?
a brand name drug for a disease or condition that effects fewer than 200,000 people in the US
What is new clinical investigation exclusivity?
A brand name drug with an active ingredient that has been approved before, but being administered in a new way
How long does clinical investigation exclusivity last?
3 years
What organization controls drug regulation?
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
What are the purposes of drug regulation?
-balance needs of the drug companies and the patient
- ensure safety and efficacy of drugs
- regulate manufacturing process
- control public access to drugs with the potential for abuse
What does the drug enforcement administration do?
Classifies drugs into 5 categories(schedules) based on their acceptable medical use and potential for abuse or dependency
What do schedule 1 of drugs contain?
High dependance, high abuse potential
What are examples of schedule 1 drugs?
heroin, LSD, Cannabis
What do schedule II drugs contain?
medical use, high potential of dependance, high abuse potential
What are examples of schedule II drugs?
Vicodin, cocaine, Dalaudid, Demerol, OxyContin
What do schedule III drugs contain?
Medical use, mod to low potential for dependance, mod to low abuse potential
What are examples of schedule III drugs?
Tylenol w/ codine, testosterone, anabolic steroids
What are some characteristics of schedule IV drugs?
Medical use, low potential for dependance, low abuse potential
What are some examples of schedule IV drugies?
Xanax, Soma, Ambien, Darvon
What are some characteristics of schedule V drugs?
medical use, low potential for dependance, low abuse potential
What are some examples of schedule V drugs?
Cough, antidiarrheal drugs
What are characteristics of an ideal drug?
Effectiveness, safety, selectivity, reversible action, predictability, freedom from drug interactions, low cost, chemically stable, simple generic name
What is a pharmakon?
Drug, medicine, or poison
What is logia?
Study
What is the definition of pharmacology?
The unified study of the properties of chemicals and living organisms and all aspects of their interaction
Pharmacology can be split into what two fields?
Pharmacotherpeutics and toxicology
What can pharmacotherapeutics be split into?
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
What are pharmacokinetics?
Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
What are pharmacodynamics?
Cellular and systemic effects
What is a desired dose?
large enough dose to reach the target site and produce a beneficial response but small enough to prevent / minimize unwanted side effects
What are dose response curves used for?
Provide info about the dosage range over which the drug is effective
What does the quantal dose response curve show?
Shows the percentage of people who show the desired response
What does a ED 50 dose response curve show?
The percentage of people who show the desired response at 50% of the dose
What can we have as a part of the quantal dose response curve?
Analgesia
Nausea
Respiratory depression
What is the therapeutic index?
TD 50 over ED 50
What is the margin of safety?
TD 0.1 / ED 99.9
What does the graded dose response curve graph do instead of the others?
Instead of graphing % of people responding, graphs % of maximum response
What does the graded dose response curve allow us to compare?
Efficacy and potency of different drugs