Pharmacology Lecture 1 Flashcards
Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics overview
Define a Drug
A substance that alters normal physiological function
Define a Medicine
The means by which drugs are delivered to the site of action in the body
Define Pharmacology
Scientific study of drugs and their effects
Define Therapeautics
Treatment of diseases, art of healing
2 other terms for ‘approved name’ of a drug
- Non-proprietary name
2. Generic Name
A benefit of using the approved name of a drug?
The approved name is distinctive in sound and spelling, and should not be liable to confusion with other names in common use.
The main difference between Pharmacodynamics (PD) and Pharmacokinetics (PK)
Pharmacodynamics is about what the DRUG does to the body. (How the drug acts)
Pharmacokinetics is about what the BODY does to the DRUG. (The passage of the drug through the body)
What are the 2 general types of action a drug can have? i.e. what are the 2 general categories of how we get the drug to the site of action?
Local
and
Systemic
Pharmacy abbrev for Enteral (Oral)?
PO
Pharmacy abbrev for Nasogastric?
NG
Pharmacy abbrev for Sublingual?
S/L
SL
Pharmacy abbrev for Controlled release?
MR
Maybe stands for modified release?
What does the pharmacy abbrev PR stand for?
Rectal
What does the pharmacy abbrev IV, IM or S/C stand for?
Parenteral
What is the therapeutic index?
The ratio between lethal dose and therapeutic dose
How close the safe does is to the toxic dose
What does ADME stand for and does it relate to pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics?
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Pharmacokinetics
What does Absorption refer to in Pharmacokinetics?
The uptake of drugs into blood stream.
What does Distribution refer to in Pharmacokinetics?
The movement of drugs from blood stream into extravascular fluids and tissues.
What does Metabolism refer to in Pharmacokinetics?
The biotransformation of drugs.
What does Excretion refer to in Pharmacokinetics?
Removal of drugs by the kidneys.
Define the half life of a drug.
The time taken for the concentration of the drug in the blood to decrease by half.
What are the methods that can influence how long a drug remains in the blood stream?
- Modified Release
- Controlled Release
- Slow Release
- XL
- Maintain drug plasma concentrations for prolonged periods
Define Volume of Distribution
A theoretical concept that measures the extent to which a drug moves into the tissues (from the blood?)
What does a small and large VD indicate?
Small Vd = most drug in blood
Large Vd = most drug in tissue
Define clearance (Cl)
The volume of plasma completely cleared of drug per unit time.
What is the equation for the rate of elimination?
Rate of elimination = Cl x Cp
What are the respective major sites of metabolism and excretion? (i.e. the routes of elimination)
Metabolism; Liver.
Excretion; Kidneys.
What is the steady state of a drug?
Where Rate in = Rate out.
Define Bioavailability (F)
Bioavailability is the percentage or fraction (or proportion) of the administered dose which reaches the systemic circulation of the patient.
State the equation involving bioavailability
F X DOSE = amount of drug absorbed
What factors can affect Bioavailability?
Dose form
Chemical form
First pass effect
The higher the therapeutic index…
The safer the drug is
