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Anes 507 > Pharmacology Info > Flashcards

Pharmacology Info Flashcards

1
Q

Morphine

A 
Opioid
Onset: 15-30 minutes
Duration: 3-6 hours
Depression of ventilation (ALL OPIOIDS)
PONV (post op nausea and vomiting)
Itching (pruritis)
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2
Q

Fentanyl

A 
Synthetic Opioid
Peak effect 3-5 minutes
Duration 30-60 minutes
100 x more potent than morphine
Synergism with midazolam
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3
Q

Meperidine (Demerol)

A

Synthetic opioid
For Post-op shivering
Neurotoxic
Renal disease (metabolized by kidney)

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4
Q

Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)

A

Semi-synthetic
Onset: 5 minutes
Duration: Greater than 5 hours

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5
Q

Naloxone (Narcan)

A

Opioid antagonists
For Overdose of opioids, respiratory depression
N/V, pain, tachycardia, increased SNS

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6
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol)

A

Same category as ibuprofen (NSAID)

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7
Q

Propofol (Diprivan)

A 
Onset time 30-60 seconds
Duration of action 5-10 minutes
Induction, Sedation, MAC 
Bacterial growth
Soy or egg allergy
Hypotension
BURNS on injection
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8
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)

A 
Induction/hypnosis
Onset time 30-60 seconds
Duration of action 5-10 minutes
Pain on injection
Myoclonus
PONV
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9
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)

A

Induction, analgesia, amnesia
Onset time 30-60 seconds
Duration of action 5-10 minutes
Emergence delirium

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10
Q

Lidocaine

A

Amide

local anesthesia, cough, inhalation, cardiac arrythmias

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11
Q

Succinylcholine (Anectine)

A 
Depolarizing NMBD
Intubation, Paralysis, Laryngospasm
Onset: 30 seconds
Duration of Action: 3-5 minutes
Fasiculations (rocuronium will prevent (5-10mg))
Metabolism: Plasma cholinesterase
Malignant Hyperthermia
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12
Q

Midazolam (Versed)

A 
Class: Benzodiazepine
ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA
Hepatic disease (metabolized by liver)
Elderly
Synergy with narcotics
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13
Q

Rocuronium (Zemuron)

A

Class: Aminosteroid, non-depolarizing
Oneset: 1-2 minutes (can be as short as 30 seconds)
Duration: 20-35 minutes
Metabolized: Liver and kidneys

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14
Q

Vecuronium (Norcuron)

A

Class: Aminosteroid, non-depolarizing
Onset: 3-5 minutes
Duration: 20-35 minutes
Metabolism: Liver and kidneys

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15
Q

Cisatracurium (Nimbex)

A

Class: Benzyl isoquinolinium,non-depolarizing
Onset: 3-5 minutes
Duration: 20-35 minutes
GOOD FOR RENAL/HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION

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16
Q

Neostigmine

A

Class: Anticholinesterase
Causes BLUDS
Only Non-Depolarizers are reversed by neostigmine
inhibits the breakdown of acetlycholine

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17
Q

Glycopyrrolate (Robinul)

A

Class: Anticholinergic
Use: Antisialigogue, NMB reversal
Used with neostigmine because of similar onset and duration times
Can also be used to increase heart rate (0.2 mg)

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18
Q

Atropine

A

Class: Anticholinergic
Use: Bradycardia, NMB reversal

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19
Q

Sugammadex (BRIDION)

A

Rapid reversal of rocuronium and vecuronium,
even from profound neuromuscular blockade
Sugammadex actually binds to rocuronium, blocking it from binding to receptors

20
Q

Isoflurane

A 
Very Stable
Highly Potent
A/W irritant
Min Metabolism-0.2%
CV Changes minimal
21
Q

Deflurane

A

Pungent, A/W irritant
Carbon Monoxide formation
easily titratable

22
Q

Sevoflurane

A

Least A/W irritant
Metabolized 2-5%
Creates Compound A

23
Q

Nitrous Oxide

A

Sweet Smelling
Highly insoluble
Decrease MAC, Increases PONV
Analgesic

24
Q

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

A

Class: Catecholamine
Use: Increase HR/BP, treat Anaphylaxis and bronchospasm

25
Q

Ephedrine

A

Synthetic non-catecholamine
Direct and indirect action
Causes Tachyphylaxis and Depletion of Norepinephrine

26
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Synthetic non-catecholamine
Direct acting
Use: Increases BP, Nasal decongestant
Causes Increased afterload and reflex Bradycardia

27
Q

Esmolol (Brevibloc)

A 
Class- Cardioselective Beta blocker
Decrease HR, Contractility, BP
Onset: 5 minutes
Duration 10-30minutes
Metabolism: Plasma cholinesterases
28
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

A 
Class: Beta-blocker 
Use: Decrease HR
Supplied: 5 mg (1 mg/mL)
Dose: 1-2 mg
Duration can be in hours not minutes
29
Q

Labetalol (normodyne)

A

Class: Mixed antagonist α1, β1, β2
Use: Control HR and BP
Can decrease BP through beta effects on the heart but also through vascular dilation by alpha receptors
Ashtma—B2 antagonist can cause broncho CONTRSTICTION

30
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Class: Hypotensive agent
Use: Angina, HTN
Principally Venous Dilator
Decreases Ventricular Wall Tension

31
Q

Hydralazine

A 
Class: Hypotensive agent
Use: HTN
Onset: 20 minutes
Duration: 6-8 hours
Principal Arterial Dilator
32
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)

A

Class: Serotonin receptor antagonist
Use: Antiemetic
Decreased PONV in susceptible patients

33
Q

Droperidol

A

Antiemetic

Can cause EKG changes due to blockade of alpha adrenoreceptors

34
Q

Cefazolin (Ancef)

A

MUST be given within 60 minutes of skin incision.
Redosed every 2-6 hours (institution dependent)
This will be the most frequently encountered intraoperative antibiotic
Cephalosporin antibiotic
Derivative of penicillin

35
Q

Cefoxitin

A 
Another cephalosporin
More gram negative coverage specific to GI flora
2g IV within 60 minutes
Redose 2-6 hours (institution dependent)
Again…beware of penicillin allergy
36
Q

Ampicillin

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis (SBE)

Mechanical heart valves, congenital heart disease

37
Q

Gentamicin

A

Used often with ampicillin for SBE
Common in urology cases
See caution slide

38
Q

Levaquin

A

Often used for additional gram negative coverage
Abdominal cases, ENT involving the mouth
Usually 500mg dose

39
Q

Nafcillin (pcn cross reactive)

A

Often used for neuro cases

2g q 2h

40
Q

Clindamycin

A

Usually first choice for PCN allergy to avoid overuse of vancomycin
Redose every 6 hours
(often see abbreviation q6h)

41
Q

Vancomycin

A

Increases risk of VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococci)
Used as broad spectrum treatment against over hospital acquired infections due to drug resistant bacteria
Cautions (see next slide)

42
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

A

Dose: 20mg
Relief of heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach
Treatment for gastric and duodenal ulcers

43
Q

Heparin

A

Widely used injectable blood thinner

80 units/kg IV bolus, THEN continuous infusion of 18 units/kg/hr

44
Q

Metaclopramide (Reglan)

A

10 mg
GI prokinetic
GIVE SLOWLY (Can make you CRAZY)

45
Q

Remifentanil

A

1 mcg/kg
A potent, short-acting synthetic opioid analgesic drug
Quick onset, quick recovery

Anes 507 (9 decks)

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