Pharmacology II Flashcards
What level of sedation consists of responsiveness to verbal commands, and unaffected airway, spontaneous ventilation, and cardiovascular function?
Minimal (Anxiolysis)
What level of sedation consists of responsiveness to verbal/touch, no assistance needed towards airway, adequate spontaneous ventilation, and usually maintained cardiovascular function?
Moderate
What level of sedation consists of responsiveness after repeated or painful stimulation, assistance might be required for airway, possibly inadequate spontaneous ventilation, and usually maintained cardiovascular function?
Deep
This dude stated the patient should accommodate the operator, and avoid sinking down or turning away for a procedure. Who is this dude?
Hippocrates
This dude was a surgeon of the Nero’s army and produced 5 volumes of a book involving plants, animals, and mineral products that contained 360 medical properties. Who is this dude and what is the name of the book?
Discorides; Materia Medica
This plant was used as a form of anesthesia, also featured in Harry Potter, what is the plant name?
Mandragora
What are Soporifics and the reversal agent?
- Sponges covered in 1/2oz opium, juice of mandrake leaves and hemlock, 3oz hyposcyamus, and water
- Vinegar
This dude was a botanist, who experimented with sulfuric acid and diethyl ether (ethyl alcohol) on chickens as a form of anesthesia. Who is this dude?
Valerius Cordus
These two dudes created IV therapy using a goose quill and administered alcohol into a dog’s veins. Who are these dudes?
Sir Christopher Wren and Robert Boyle
This English chemist discovered Oxygen, Nitrous oxide, and Photosynthesis. Who is this dude?
Joseph Priestly
This British chemist discovered K, Na, Ca, and Mg. He recommended NO for use in surgical pain control; however, it was not appreciated and used as recreational use. Who is this dude?
Humphry Davy
This dude noticed a patient under the influence of N20 had no recall of pain. He used N20 for dental procedures. His finding was used at Mass General for an amputation but was looked away for his finding d/t the pt still moving during the procedure. Who is this dude?
Horace Wells
This dude was a Chicago surgeon who used nitrous/oxygen anesthesia without causing cyanosis. Who is this dude?
Andrews
This dude was the first to use an anesthesia machine with nitrous/oxygen. Who is this dude?
Hewitt
This dude revisited the use of ether and delivered ether for a patient with 2 vascular neck tumors, and continued use of whiskey (my man right here). Who is this whiskey drinking dude?
Michael Davis… just kidding it was unfortunately Crawford Long
This dentist dude revisited the use of ether for anesthesia for fitting dentures. Who is this dude?
William Morton
What year was the first public demonstration of ether and what was it called?
1846 and called it Letheon
This dude developed the process for pure ether. Who is this dude?
Dr. Robinson Squibb
What are the disadvantages of ether?
Flammable, prolonged induction, bad odor, and N/V
This dude experimented with Chloroform and defined pain. Who is this dude?
Sir James Simpson
This dude from the game of thrones series “discovered” epidemiology when he traced London cholera outbreak to water sources. Also worked with Chloroform. Who is this dude?
Dr. John Snow
This dude discovered delayed chloroform hepatotoxicity in children. Who is this dude?
Guthrie
This dude discovered that light chloroform anesthesia and adrenaline lead to fatal Vfib in animals. Who is this dude?
Levy
This dude used cocaine for eye surgery. Who is this dude?
Dr. Koller
This dude performed the first regional mandibular nerve block with cocaine. Who is this dude?
Dr. Halsted
This dude performed the first spinal anesthetic with cocaine. Who is this dude?
Dr. August Bier
Who are the three “1st” nurse anesthetist?
Sister Mary Bernard, Alice Magaw, Agatha Hodgins
Which of the “1st” nurse anesthetist opened one of the first nurse anesthesia schools, and founded the AANA?
Agatha Hodgins
Which of the “1st” nurse anesthetist was considered the mother of anesthesia?
Alice Magaw
Which recent anesthetic is considered violently explosive?
Cyclopropane
Which recent anesthetic causes hepatitis and has a slow onset?
Halothene
Which recent anesthetic is considered relatively safe with a quicker onset than halothene, and wears off slowly?
Isoflurane
Which “more” recent anesthetic has a rapid uptake and distribution, high vapor pressure, most expensive, and best for outpatient surgery?
Desflurane
What does MAC stand for?
Minimal Alveolar Concentration
What dude found that end-tidal concentration correlated to movement…MAC?
Edmund Egar
Which ‘more’ recent anesthetic has an intermediate action between isoflurane and deflurane. It is also unstable in soda lime, and its the most recent inhaled anesthetic created?
Sevoflurane
What do you put a emphasis on when considering inhaled anesthetics?
Early Discharge!!!
What does the “Triad” consist of?
Amnesia, Analgesia, Muscle Relaxation
What was the most recent topic added to the triad to make it a “quadad”?
Homestasis
What are todays analgesics listed in the powerpoint slide?
Narcotics
COX inhibitors
Gabapentin
Acetaminophen
Peripheral Nerve Blocks
Which doctor attempted “balance” but ended up with a record of 300% mortality rate?
Dr. Liston
Which dude performed light nitrous/oxygen anesthesia and local infiltration of procaine?
George Crile
Which dude performed regional blocks prior to emergence from ether while using anesthetic records?
Harvey Cushing
What stage of anesthesia consist of the beginning of induction of general anesthesia to loss of consciousness?
Stage 1
Which plane of the first stage consists of no amnesia or analgesia?
1st Plane
Which plane of the first stage consists of amnestic but only partially analgesic?
2nd Plane
Which plane of the first stage consists of complete analgesia and amnesia?
3rd Plane
What stage consists of loss of consciousness to onset of automatic breathing?
Stage 2
What stage are you most at risk for aspiration?
Stage 2
What stage consists of the onset of automatic respiration to respiratory paralysis (surgical plane)?
Stage 3
Which plane of stage 3 consists of automatic respiration to cessation of eyeball movements?
1st Plane
Which plane of stage 3 consists of cessation of eyeball movements to beginning of intercostal muscle paralysis; secretion of tears increases?
2nd Plane
Which plane of stage 3 consists of beginning to completion of intercostal muscle paralysis; pupils dilate; desired plane prior to muscle relaxants?
3rd Plane
Which plane of stage 3 consists of complete intercostal paralysis to diaphragmatic paralysis (apnea)?
4th Plane
What stage consists of stoppage of respiration till death?
Stage 4
Definition of pain?
actual or potential tissue damage
