Pharmacology Final Exam Review Flashcards
what is pharmacology?
the study of drugs and their uses
what is pharmacodynamics?
the body’s response to drugs
what is absorption?
the passage of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream
what is distribution?
the transportation of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream to the body tissues and intended site of action.
what is a scored tablet?
a scored tablet is when the surface is bisected by a groove to allow for breakage into halves.
what is giving medication by needle and syringe called?
parenteral medication
What are some parenteral routes of administration?
intradermal (ID), subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV)
what are the four forms of classifications of medication?
liquids, semiliquids, semisolids, and solids.
What produces a therapeutic effect?
an active ingredient
who was MyPlate developed by? and for what?
united states department of Agriculture and to assist in food buying and preparation.
how many calories is MyPlate?
2000 calories
Do adolescence need supplementation of vitamins and minerals?
no, its not necessary
what shape are cocci bacteria?
round shaped
what are some aseptic techniques?
hand washing, alcohol hand rub, sterilizing equipment, changing bed linens, using precautions when coming in contact with bodily fluid, and placing patients with certain diseases into isolation.
how to apply ear drops to a child?
pull the auricle down and back
how to apply ear drops to an adult?
pull the auricle upward and outward
what is the appropriate way to apply lotion?
to pat with a piece of cotton
why should you be careful when removing the dressing from a wound?
to avoid pulling away the scab
how can a dressing that is sticking to a lesion be softened?
by moistening it with normal saline
what is the medical term for chest pain?
angina pectoris
what medications are indicated in the treatment of myocardial infarction?
aspirin and plavix
what is Nicoderm CQ? how is it applied?
a nicotine patch used to promote smoking cessation and it is applied topically
what are some antihistamines used to treat respiratory problems?
fexofenadine (allegra), loratadine (claritin), and cetizine hydrochoride (zyrtec)
what do mechanisms of action antidiarrheals include?
absorbing bacteria and toxins that cause diarrhea, inhibiting intestinal motility, and coating the wall of the GI tract
do antidiarrheals depress the action of the villi in the small intestine?
no
what medications do antidiarrheals include?
pepto bismol, kaopectate, and Imodium- AD
what are the most frequently used solutions for oral rehydration?
nutrient based solutions, such as Pedialyte
what is furosemide (Lasix)?
is a diuretic
how can birth control be administered?
orally, transdermally, intramuscularly, vaginally, and by implantation
what is Plan B One-Step?
a type of contraceptive kit available for emergency contraception.
what are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?
increased appetite, nervousness, heart palpitations, cold sweating, shakiness, and blurred vision.
what is the treatment of choice fo hypoglycemia?
administering sugar
what is a serious adverse reaction?
bone marrow depression
what are examples of anti-inflammatory drugs?
ibuprofen, naproxen, and celecoxib
what kind of properties do aspirin and acetaminophen have?
antipyretic and analgesic property
how are attention deficit disorder (ADD) and narcolepsy treated?
CNS stimulants
what potentiates the effects of antipsychotics and could lead to a fatal outcome?
alcohol
what is the drug of choice for manic depressive disorder?
lithium carbonate
what is a synthetic antiestrogen drug used in metastatic breast cancer in women
tamoxifen
what is the preferred medication administration route for pediatric patients?
Oral
why do drugs not reach the intestines as quickly in older adults?
because peristalsis becomes weaker
how many mg in 1 gram?
1000mg
how many lbs in 1kg
2.2lbs
how many mL in 1 tsp?
5mL
how many tbsp in 3tsp?
1
what happens when older adults have cumulative effects?
changes in the liver function
