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Pharmacology Exam Review Ch 9-10 > Pharmacology Exam Review Ch 9-10 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Exam Review Ch 9-10 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the integumentary system consist of

A

skin, hair, nails and glands embedded in it

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2
Q

What does the skin function as?

A

as a waterproof covering for the entire body

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3
Q

What does the skin protect, and what does it act as a barrier for?

A

the internal organs and acts as a barrier to microorganisms

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4
Q

what happens when the body temperature goes up?

A

the blood vessels dialate causing perspiration

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5
Q

when the skin senses changes in the environment it helps

A

regulate body temperature

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6
Q

what is the outermost layer of the skin?

A

the epidermis

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7
Q

what is keratin and where is it found

A

a hard protein found in the cells of the epidermis, nails, and hair

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8
Q

what does keratin do?

A

it helps as a barrier to pathogens and chemicals

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9
Q

What are melanocytes and what do they contain?

A

contain melanin and is a skin color pigment that gives a persons skin color (the more melanocytes a person has the darker the skin)

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10
Q

what is the dermis made out of

A

collagen, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and connective tissue.

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11
Q

what does the dermis contain?

A

hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and sense receptors.

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12
Q

what is the subcutaneous layer?

A

the inner layer of the skin

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13
Q

what does the subcutaneous layer do?

A

provide support, insulation, nutrition, and cushioning or padding

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14
Q

what is inflammation?

A

a protective response of body tissues to irritation and injury

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15
Q

what does inflammation result in?

A

it results in swelling, redness, pain, and heat

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16
Q

What is pruritus?

A

itchiness

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17
Q

what is pruritus caused by?

A

the release of histamine from the skin cells during allergic reactions

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18
Q

What is erythema?

A

reddening of the skin

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19
Q

what is erythema caused by?

A

dilatation of superficial capillaries

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20
Q

What is edema?

A

swelling

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21
Q

what is edema caused by

A

buildup of fluids in the tissues

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22
Q

What is scaling?

A

scaling is an excess of the protein keratin in the epidermis

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23
Q

what is a lesion

A

a circumscribed area of pathological tissue

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24
Q

what are ulcerations?

A

open lesions that are the result of tissue damage that starts below the skin and then erupts onto the skin surface

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25
Q

what is another term for urticaria

A

hives

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26
Q

what are hives/urticaria caused by

A

by sensitivity to some substances in the environment or by fatigue and emotions

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27
Q

what is contact dermatitis

A

an inflammation resulting from direct contact with a substance to which the skin is sensitive such as poison ivy, cosmetics, and soaps.

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28
Q

who are oral antihistamine given to

A

eczema patients who develop sensitivity tot topical preparations to suppress inflammation

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29
Q

what is psoriasis?

A

a condition identified by red, raised lesions covered with dry silvery scales

30
Q

what is the rule of nines?

A

a method used to calculate the percentage of body surface affected by burns in adults, children, and infants.

31
Q

what is dermatitis?

A

premature aging of the skin, predisposition to cancer, and sunburn that result from extended exposure to the sun

32
Q

what do bedsores, pressure ulcers, and decubitus ulcers describe?

A

an impared skin integrity caused by prolonged pressure that damages skin integrity

33
Q

what is scabies

A

a parasitic infestation caused by the itch mite

34
Q

what pediculosis caused by

A

infestation of lice

35
Q

what is ecchymosis?

A

a discoloration or bruising of the skin

36
Q

what is ecchymosis caused by

A

leakage of blood into the subcutaneous tissue

37
Q

what does a bacterial skin infection do

A

exhibit pus, a thick, yellowish fluid made of dead white blood cells and debris

38
Q

what causes chemical burns

A

contact with caustic agent such as acid

39
Q

what layers of the skin do partial thickness burns involve?

A

the dermis and epidermis

40
Q

what are partial thickness burns

A

red, fluid-filled blisters causing pain as a result of nerve involvement

41
Q

How do protectives and astringents work?

A

by covering, cooling, drying, or soothing inflamed skin

42
Q

what do antipruritics relive

A

itching caused by inflammation

43
Q

what do antiseptics do

A

Inhibits the growth of microorganisms on the skin surfaces. Ex. alcohol and procidone iodine

44
Q

what are disinfectants?

A

bactericidal drugs used only on nonliving objects such as surgical instruments

45
Q

what are anesthetics

A

topical medications that relieve pain and itching by numbing the skin layers and mucous membranes

46
Q

when should an analgesic be ordered

A

if the skin condition is painful

47
Q

what can diaper rash be treated with?

A

Destin, vasoline, and zinc oxide

48
Q

antiseptics/ antimicrobials such as betadine, Neosporin, neo-polycin, and mycitracin are used to?

A

treat minor wounds, they should be used only topically never orally because they inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

49
Q

why should we wear disposable gloves or cover the old patch with a tissue when applying a drug patch to the skin?

A

to prevent any of the remaining medication on the patch from absorbing into your skin

50
Q

why should we be careful when removing the dressing from a wound

A

to avoid pulling away the scab, the dressing can be soften with saline

51
Q

what is the average adult blood pressure?

A

120/80

52
Q

what is the average adult pulse

A

between 60 and 100 BPM

53
Q

what are the three main kinds of blood cells

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.

54
Q

what is arterial blood

A

blood that is bright red, highly oxygenated and travels from the heart to the capillaries

55
Q

why does the heart become larger as a person ages?

A

because it loses elasticity and has a deeper color because there is less oxygen in the heart tissue.

56
Q

what is dyspnea

A

labored or difficult breathing that occurs because of the fluid accumulation in the interstitial tissues and lungs

57
Q

what is the medical term for chest pain?

A

angina pectoralis

58
Q

what is dysrhythmias

A

irregular heartbeats or palpitations

59
Q

what is cardiac arrest?

A

it is a cessation of breathing and of sufficient circulation of blood by the heart

60
Q

symptoms of congestive heart failure are

A

fatigue, dyspnea tachycardia, chest pain, and edema

61
Q

what is myocardial infarction treated with?

A

aspirin, thrombolytics or clot busters, anticoagulants, analgesics, nitroglycerin, beta blockers and antilipemic

62
Q

what is arteriosclerosis?

A

most common arterial disorder that is characterized by thickening , loss of elasticity and calcification of arterial walls

63
Q

hypertension is called what

A

“the silent killer” because you can go without symptoms for a long time

64
Q

what is orthostatic hypotension

A

a sudden lowering of blood pressure when the person stands up quickly

65
Q

what causes anemia

A

decreased erythrocytes, the quality of hemoglobin and volume of hematocrit

66
Q

a diuretic is used to treat what

A

congestive heart failure and hypertension bc of the edema, reduces the fluid volume in the body by stimulation urine flow

67
Q

what do vasoconstrictors do

A

raise the blood pressure by causing the blood vessels to contract

68
Q

what do vasodilators do

A

relax or dilate the walls of the arteries and are used to control angina Pectoris

69
Q

what does digoxin do

A

corrects arrhythmias. always take the apical pulse before giving digoxin if pulse is below 60 contact the physician before giving digoxin

70
Q

what does an anticoagulant treat?

A

thrombus, embolism, phlebitis, and coronary occlusion by preventing or slowing the formation of blood clots and preventing enlargement of existing clots.

Pharmacology Exam Review Ch 9-10 (2 decks)

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