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Pharmacology Exam Review Ch 9-10 > Pharmacology Exam Review Ch 9-10 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Exam Review Ch 9-10 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the integumentary system consist of

A

skin, hair, nails and glands embedded in it

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2
Q

What does the skin function as?

A

as a waterproof covering for the entire body

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3
Q

What does the skin protect, and what does it act as a barrier for?

A

the internal organs and acts as a barrier to microorganisms

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4
Q

what happens when the body temperature goes up?

A

the blood vessels dialate causing perspiration

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5
Q

when the skin senses changes in the environment it helps

A

regulate body temperature

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6
Q

what is the outermost layer of the skin?

A

the epidermis

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7
Q

what is keratin and where is it found

A

a hard protein found in the cells of the epidermis, nails, and hair

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8
Q

what does keratin do?

A

it helps as a barrier to pathogens and chemicals

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9
Q

What are melanocytes and what do they contain?

A

contain melanin and is a skin color pigment that gives a persons skin color (the more melanocytes a person has the darker the skin)

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10
Q

what is the dermis made out of

A

collagen, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and connective tissue.

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11
Q

what does the dermis contain?

A

hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and sense receptors.

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12
Q

what is the subcutaneous layer?

A

the inner layer of the skin

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13
Q

what does the subcutaneous layer do?

A

provide support, insulation, nutrition, and cushioning or padding

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14
Q

what is inflammation?

A

a protective response of body tissues to irritation and injury

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15
Q

what does inflammation result in?

A

it results in swelling, redness, pain, and heat

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16
Q

What is pruritus?

A

itchiness

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17
Q

what is pruritus caused by?

A

the release of histamine from the skin cells during allergic reactions

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18
Q

What is erythema?

A

reddening of the skin

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19
Q

what is erythema caused by?

A

dilatation of superficial capillaries

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20
Q

What is edema?

A

swelling

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21
Q

what is edema caused by

A

buildup of fluids in the tissues

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22
Q

What is scaling?

A

scaling is an excess of the protein keratin in the epidermis

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23
Q

what is a lesion

A

a circumscribed area of pathological tissue

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24
Q

what are ulcerations?

A

open lesions that are the result of tissue damage that starts below the skin and then erupts onto the skin surface

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25
what is another term for urticaria
hives
26
what are hives/urticaria caused by
by sensitivity to some substances in the environment or by fatigue and emotions
27
what is contact dermatitis
an inflammation resulting from direct contact with a substance to which the skin is sensitive such as poison ivy, cosmetics, and soaps.
28
who are oral antihistamine given to
eczema patients who develop sensitivity tot topical preparations to suppress inflammation
29
what is psoriasis?
a condition identified by red, raised lesions covered with dry silvery scales
30
what is the rule of nines?
a method used to calculate the percentage of body surface affected by burns in adults, children, and infants.
31
what is dermatitis?
premature aging of the skin, predisposition to cancer, and sunburn that result from extended exposure to the sun
32
what do bedsores, pressure ulcers, and decubitus ulcers describe?
an impared skin integrity caused by prolonged pressure that damages skin integrity
33
what is scabies
a parasitic infestation caused by the itch mite
34
what pediculosis caused by
infestation of lice
35
what is ecchymosis?
a discoloration or bruising of the skin
36
what is ecchymosis caused by
leakage of blood into the subcutaneous tissue
37
what does a bacterial skin infection do
exhibit pus, a thick, yellowish fluid made of dead white blood cells and debris
38
what causes chemical burns
contact with caustic agent such as acid
39
what layers of the skin do partial thickness burns involve?
the dermis and epidermis
40
what are partial thickness burns
red, fluid-filled blisters causing pain as a result of nerve involvement
41
How do protectives and astringents work?
by covering, cooling, drying, or soothing inflamed skin
42
what do antipruritics relive
itching caused by inflammation
43
what do antiseptics do
Inhibits the growth of microorganisms on the skin surfaces. Ex. alcohol and procidone iodine
44
what are disinfectants?
bactericidal drugs used only on nonliving objects such as surgical instruments
45
what are anesthetics
topical medications that relieve pain and itching by numbing the skin layers and mucous membranes
46
when should an analgesic be ordered
if the skin condition is painful
47
what can diaper rash be treated with?
Destin, vasoline, and zinc oxide
48
antiseptics/ antimicrobials such as betadine, Neosporin, neo-polycin, and mycitracin are used to?
treat minor wounds, they should be used only topically never orally because they inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
49
why should we wear disposable gloves or cover the old patch with a tissue when applying a drug patch to the skin?
to prevent any of the remaining medication on the patch from absorbing into your skin
50
why should we be careful when removing the dressing from a wound
to avoid pulling away the scab, the dressing can be soften with saline
51
what is the average adult blood pressure?
120/80
52
what is the average adult pulse
between 60 and 100 BPM
53
what are the three main kinds of blood cells
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
54
what is arterial blood
blood that is bright red, highly oxygenated and travels from the heart to the capillaries
55
why does the heart become larger as a person ages?
because it loses elasticity and has a deeper color because there is less oxygen in the heart tissue.
56
what is dyspnea
labored or difficult breathing that occurs because of the fluid accumulation in the interstitial tissues and lungs
57
what is the medical term for chest pain?
angina pectoralis
58
what is dysrhythmias
irregular heartbeats or palpitations
59
what is cardiac arrest?
it is a cessation of breathing and of sufficient circulation of blood by the heart
60
symptoms of congestive heart failure are
fatigue, dyspnea tachycardia, chest pain, and edema
61
what is myocardial infarction treated with?
aspirin, thrombolytics or clot busters, anticoagulants, analgesics, nitroglycerin, beta blockers and antilipemic
62
what is arteriosclerosis?
most common arterial disorder that is characterized by thickening , loss of elasticity and calcification of arterial walls
63
hypertension is called what
"the silent killer" because you can go without symptoms for a long time
64
what is orthostatic hypotension
a sudden lowering of blood pressure when the person stands up quickly
65
what causes anemia
decreased erythrocytes, the quality of hemoglobin and volume of hematocrit
66
a diuretic is used to treat what
congestive heart failure and hypertension bc of the edema, reduces the fluid volume in the body by stimulation urine flow
67
what do vasoconstrictors do
raise the blood pressure by causing the blood vessels to contract
68
what do vasodilators do
relax or dilate the walls of the arteries and are used to control angina Pectoris
69
what does digoxin do
corrects arrhythmias. always take the apical pulse before giving digoxin if pulse is below 60 contact the physician before giving digoxin
70
what does an anticoagulant treat?
thrombus, embolism, phlebitis, and coronary occlusion by preventing or slowing the formation of blood clots and preventing enlargement of existing clots.

Pharmacology Exam Review Ch 9-10 (2 decks)

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