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Foundations of Nursing > Pharmacology Exam #2 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Exam #2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Water Soluble Vitamins

A

B, C

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2
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

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3
Q

Vitamin A Name

A

Retinol

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4
Q

Vitamin A Functions

A

Bones and teeth
Night and normal vision
Hyperkeratosis of the skin

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5
Q

Vitamin D Name

A

Sunshine vitamin

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6
Q

Vitamin D2 Name & Sources

A

Ergocalciferol
Fish, eggs, butter, dairy

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7
Q

Vitamin D Functions

A

Regulate calcium and phosphorus
Calcification of bones and teeth

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8
Q

Vitamin E Function

A

Antioxidants

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9
Q

Vitamin K Function

A

Synthesis of blood coagulation factors

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10
Q

Vitamin B1 Name

A

Thiamine

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11
Q

Vitamin B2 Name

A

Riboflavin

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12
Q

Vitamin B1 Associations

A

Brain and CNS
Wernicke’s encephalopathy

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13
Q

Vitamin B2 Function

A

Skin and tissue respiration

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14
Q

Vitamin B3 Name

A

Niacin

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15
Q

Vitamin B3 Function

A

Cholesterol and hyperlipidemia

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16
Q

Vitamin B6 Name

A

Pyroxidine (works with B1)

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17
Q

Vitamin B6 Functions

A

Metabolic functions
Peripheral nerves, skin, mucous membranes, hematopoietic system

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18
Q

Vitamin B12 Name

A

Cyanocobalamin

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19
Q

What category of people are B12 deficient?

A

Vegans!

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20
Q

Vitamin B12 Function

A

Body fat and carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis
Digestion, cell replication, blood cell production

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21
Q

Vitamin C Name

A

Ascorbic Acid

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22
Q

Vitamin C Function

A

Tissue repair
Iron absorption

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23
Q

Disease associated with Vitamin C

A

Scurvy

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24
Q

What mineral is most abundant in the body?

A

Calcium

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25
Q

Calcium Association

A

Bones and Teeth

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26
Q

Magnesium Association

A

Muscle Contraction

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27
Q

Zinc Association

A

Wounds

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28
Q

What is phosphorus inversely proportional to?

A

Calcium

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29
Q

Enteral Nutrition

A

GI tract

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30
Q

Parenteral Nutrition

A

IV

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31
Q

Vasopressin

A

Pitressin

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32
Q

Vasopressin (Pitressin) Action

A

Tells the kidney to hang onto water and causes vasoconstriction

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33
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Stimulates synthesis and release of corticosteroids and adrenocortical growth via adrenal cortex

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34
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone
Stimulates synthesis and release of thyroid hormone

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35
Q

ACTH Disorders

A

Cushing syndrome - adrenal oversecretion
Addisons Disease - adrenal undersecretion

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36
Q

Thyroid Storm

A

Hyperthyroidism

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37
Q

Levothyroxin

A

Synthroid

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38
Q

Levothyroxin (Synthroid) Action

A

Replaces thyroid hormone
Treats Hypothyroidism

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39
Q

Levothyroxin (Synthroid) Need to Knows

A

Must take forever
Takes 3 weeks to see full effects
Take in the morning same time each day on empty stomach

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40
Q

Propylthiouracil Action

A

Suppresses thyroid function
Treats hyperthyroidism

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41
Q

Propylthiouracil Need to Knows

A

May take up to 6 weeks for full effects
Can cause liver and bone marrow toxicity

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42
Q

Corticosteroids Need to Knows

A

Don’t stop abruptly

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43
Q

Fludrocortisone Action

A

Increases sodium reabsorption
Potassium excretion
(where sodium goes, water follows which increases BP)

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44
Q

Prednisone Action

A

Immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory

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45
Q

Alendronate

A

Fosamax

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46
Q

Alendronate (Fosamax) Action

A

Oral bisphosphate
Reverse lost bone mass and reduce fracture risk
Inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption

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47
Q

Alendronate (Fosamax) Need to Knows

A

Take with 8oz water on empty stomach
Must sit/stand for 30 mins after taking (reflux)
Non-estrogen/non-hormonal

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48
Q

Calcitonin

A

Calcimar

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49
Q

Calcitonin (Calcimar) Need to Knows

A

Hormone
Contraindicated with salmon allergy
Adverse effects: DVT

50
Q

NSAIDs

A

Ibuprofen, Aspirin

51
Q

Non Opioid Analgesic

A

Acetaminophen

52
Q

Opioid Analgesics

A

Codeine
Morphine

53
Q

Opioid Interactions

A

CNS depressants
MAOIs
Liver issues

54
Q

Opioid Adverse Effects

A

Respiratory depression
Constipation

55
Q

Opioid Overdose Triad

A

Respiratory depression
Pinpoint pupils
Coma

56
Q

How long does it take for addiction?

A

3 weeks

57
Q

Morphine treats what type of pain?

A

Moderate to severe

58
Q

Codeine treats what type of pain?

A

Mild to moderate

59
Q

Narcotic Antagonist

A

Naloxone (Narcan)

60
Q

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Action

A

Treat mild to moderate pain and fever

61
Q

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Need to Knows

A

Contraindicated for liver disease and G6PD
Adverse effect: hepatotoxicity

62
Q

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Antidote

A

Acetylcysteine

63
Q

Which are have a more potent effect on the CNS: sedatives or hypnotics?

A

Hypnotics

64
Q

Benzodiazepines (2)

A

Diazepam (Valium)
Temazepam (Restoril)

65
Q

Diazepam

A

Valium

66
Q

Temazepam

A

Restoril

67
Q

Zolpidem

A

Ambien

68
Q

Long Acting Benzodiazepine

A

Diazepam (Valium)

69
Q

Intermediate Acting benzodiazepine

A

Temazepam (Restoril)

70
Q

Short Acting Nonbenzodiazpine

A

Zolpidem (Ambien)

71
Q

Benzodiazepines Need to Knows

A

Used for sleep and relaxation
Depress CNS
Contraindications for opioids, pregnancy, and narrow angle glaucoma

72
Q

Barbituate

A

Phenobarbital

73
Q

Phenobarbital Need to Knows

A

Seizure Prevention
Controlled substance -IV

74
Q

Muscle Relaxant

A

Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)

75
Q

Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) Contraindication

A

Opioids, benzos, alcohol (CNS depressants)

76
Q

NSAID Properties

A

Antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic
Platelet inhibition (acetylsalicylic acid/ aspirin ONLY)

77
Q

Early Signs of Drug Toxicity

A

Blurred vision
Ringing ears (Tinnitus)

78
Q

Salicylates think…

A

Aspirin

79
Q

Aspirin Need to Knows

A

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, platelet inhibition properties
Take with food
Can cause GI symptoms/ulcers

80
Q

Can you give children Aspirin? Why or Why not?

A

No - Reye’s Syndrome

81
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Motrin

82
Q

Ketorolac

A

Toradol

83
Q

Celecoxib

A

Celebrex

84
Q

Ibuprofen, Ketorolac, & Celecoxib Need to Knows

A

Affect Kidneys
Take with food
Can cause GI symptoms

85
Q

Allopurinol

A

Zyloprim

86
Q

Allopurinol (Zyloprim) Action

A

Treats gout
Inhibits uric acid production

87
Q

Allopurinol (Zyloprim) Need to Knows

A

Stevens-Johnson Disorder (necrotic skin disorder)
Increase fluids to 3L per day

88
Q

Adsorbent

A

Bismuth subsalicylate

89
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) MOA

A

Coats the GI walls, binds to and evacuate toxin/problem

90
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Adverse Effects

A

Dark stools, blue tongue, metallic taste

91
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Contraindication

A

Don’t give to children! (Aspirin)

92
Q

Antimotility Drugs

A

Belladonna Alkaloids
Loperamide (Imodium)

93
Q

Belladonna Alkaloids Need to Know

A

Slows peristalsis
Opioids
CNS Depression
Given for severe diarrhea

94
Q

Loperamide

A

Imodium

95
Q

Loperamide (Imodium)

A

Slows peristalsis
Not opioid
Less severe diarrhea
Pretty safe

96
Q

Probiotic

A

Lactobacillus (Bacid)

97
Q

Psyllium

A

Metamucil

98
Q

Bulk forming MOA

A

High fiber
absorb water to increase bulk

99
Q

Psyllium (Metamucil)

A

Bulk Forming

100
Q

Emollient

A

Docusate Salts

101
Q

Docusate Salts

A

Colace

102
Q

Docusate Salts MOA

A

Lubricates feces and GI walls
Slip and Slide

103
Q

Saline Drug

A

Magnesium hydroxide

104
Q

Magnesium hydroxide

A

Milk of Magnesia

105
Q

Saline/Magnesium Hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) MOA

A

Increase intestinal osmotic pressure to increase peristalsis

106
Q

What laxative do people to to intentionally lose weight?

A

Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

107
Q

Stimulant Drug

A

Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

108
Q

Bisacodyl

A

Dulcolax

109
Q

Stimulant/Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) MOA

A

Intestinal nerve stimulation to increase peristalsis

110
Q

Anticholinergic Drug

A

Scopolamine

111
Q

Scopolamine MOA

A

Blocks acetylcholine receptors

112
Q

Scopolamine Contraindication

A

Glaucoma

113
Q

Antidopaminergic Drug

A

Promethazine (Phenergan)

114
Q

Promethazine

A

Phenergan

115
Q

Antidopaminergic Drug/Promethazine (Phenergan) Adverse Effects

A

Tardive dyskinesia (repeated involuntary movements)

116
Q

Prokinetic Drug

A

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

117
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Reglan

118
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan) MOA

A

Enhance gastric empyting

119
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan) Adverse Effects

A

Hypotension and tardive dyskinesia

120
Q

Serotonin Blockers

A

Ondansetron (Zofran)

121
Q

Ondansetron

A

Zofran

122
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran) Adverse Effects

A

Bronchospasm, prolonged QT interval

Foundations of Nursing (3 decks)

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