Pharmacology Exam #2 Flashcards
1
Q
Water Soluble Vitamins
A
B, C
2
Q
Fat Soluble Vitamins
A
A, D, E, K
3
Q
Vitamin A Name
A
Retinol
4
Q
Vitamin A Functions
A
Bones and teeth
Night and normal vision
Hyperkeratosis of the skin
5
Q
Vitamin D Name
A
Sunshine vitamin
6
Q
Vitamin D2 Name & Sources
A
Ergocalciferol
Fish, eggs, butter, dairy
7
Q
Vitamin D Functions
A
Regulate calcium and phosphorus
Calcification of bones and teeth
8
Q
Vitamin E Function
A
Antioxidants
9
Q
Vitamin K Function
A
Synthesis of blood coagulation factors
10
Q
Vitamin B1 Name
A
Thiamine
11
Q
Vitamin B2 Name
A
Riboflavin
12
Q
Vitamin B1 Associations
A
Brain and CNS
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
13
Q
Vitamin B2 Function
A
Skin and tissue respiration
14
Q
Vitamin B3 Name
A
Niacin
15
Q
Vitamin B3 Function
A
Cholesterol and hyperlipidemia
16
Q
Vitamin B6 Name
A
Pyroxidine (works with B1)
17
Q
Vitamin B6 Functions
A
Metabolic functions
Peripheral nerves, skin, mucous membranes, hematopoietic system
18
Q
Vitamin B12 Name
A
Cyanocobalamin
19
Q
What category of people are B12 deficient?
A
Vegans!
20
Q
Vitamin B12 Function
A
Body fat and carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis
Digestion, cell replication, blood cell production
21
Q
Vitamin C Name
A
Ascorbic Acid
22
Q
Vitamin C Function
A
Tissue repair
Iron absorption
23
Q
Disease associated with Vitamin C
A
Scurvy
24
Q
What mineral is most abundant in the body?
A
Calcium
25
Calcium Association
Bones and Teeth
26
Magnesium Association
Muscle Contraction
27
Zinc Association
Wounds
28
What is phosphorus inversely proportional to?
Calcium
29
Enteral Nutrition
GI tract
30
Parenteral Nutrition
IV
31
Vasopressin
Pitressin
32
Vasopressin (Pitressin) Action
Tells the kidney to hang onto water and causes vasoconstriction
33
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Stimulates synthesis and release of corticosteroids and adrenocortical growth via adrenal cortex
34
TSH
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Stimulates synthesis and release of thyroid hormone
35
ACTH Disorders
Cushing syndrome - adrenal oversecretion
Addisons Disease - adrenal undersecretion
36
Thyroid Storm
Hyperthyroidism
37
Levothyroxin
Synthroid
38
Levothyroxin (Synthroid) Action
Replaces thyroid hormone
Treats Hypothyroidism
39
Levothyroxin (Synthroid) Need to Knows
Must take forever
Takes 3 weeks to see full effects
Take in the morning same time each day on empty stomach
40
Propylthiouracil Action
Suppresses thyroid function
Treats hyperthyroidism
41
Propylthiouracil Need to Knows
May take up to 6 weeks for full effects
Can cause liver and bone marrow toxicity
42
Corticosteroids Need to Knows
Don't stop abruptly
43
Fludrocortisone Action
Increases sodium reabsorption
Potassium excretion
(where sodium goes, water follows which increases BP)
44
Prednisone Action
Immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory
45
Alendronate
Fosamax
46
Alendronate (Fosamax) Action
Oral bisphosphate
Reverse lost bone mass and reduce fracture risk
Inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption
47
Alendronate (Fosamax) Need to Knows
Take with 8oz water on empty stomach
Must sit/stand for 30 mins after taking (reflux)
Non-estrogen/non-hormonal
48
Calcitonin
Calcimar
49
Calcitonin (Calcimar) Need to Knows
Hormone
Contraindicated with salmon allergy
Adverse effects: DVT
50
NSAIDs
Ibuprofen, Aspirin
51
Non Opioid Analgesic
Acetaminophen
52
Opioid Analgesics
Codeine
Morphine
53
Opioid Interactions
CNS depressants
MAOIs
Liver issues
54
Opioid Adverse Effects
Respiratory depression
Constipation
55
Opioid Overdose Triad
Respiratory depression
Pinpoint pupils
Coma
56
How long does it take for addiction?
3 weeks
57
Morphine treats what type of pain?
Moderate to severe
58
Codeine treats what type of pain?
Mild to moderate
59
Narcotic Antagonist
Naloxone (Narcan)
60
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Action
Treat mild to moderate pain and fever
61
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Need to Knows
Contraindicated for liver disease and G6PD
Adverse effect: hepatotoxicity
62
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Antidote
Acetylcysteine
63
Which are have a more potent effect on the CNS: sedatives or hypnotics?
Hypnotics
64
Benzodiazepines (2)
Diazepam (Valium)
Temazepam (Restoril)
65
Diazepam
Valium
66
Temazepam
Restoril
67
Zolpidem
Ambien
68
Long Acting Benzodiazepine
Diazepam (Valium)
69
Intermediate Acting benzodiazepine
Temazepam (Restoril)
70
Short Acting Nonbenzodiazpine
Zolpidem (Ambien)
71
Benzodiazepines Need to Knows
Used for sleep and relaxation
Depress CNS
Contraindications for opioids, pregnancy, and narrow angle glaucoma
72
Barbituate
Phenobarbital
73
Phenobarbital Need to Knows
Seizure Prevention
Controlled substance -IV
74
Muscle Relaxant
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
75
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) Contraindication
Opioids, benzos, alcohol (CNS depressants)
76
NSAID Properties
Antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic
Platelet inhibition (acetylsalicylic acid/ aspirin ONLY)
77
Early Signs of Drug Toxicity
Blurred vision
Ringing ears (Tinnitus)
78
Salicylates think...
Aspirin
79
Aspirin Need to Knows
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, platelet inhibition properties
Take with food
Can cause GI symptoms/ulcers
80
Can you give children Aspirin? Why or Why not?
No - Reye's Syndrome
81
Ibuprofen
Motrin
82
Ketorolac
Toradol
83
Celecoxib
Celebrex
84
Ibuprofen, Ketorolac, & Celecoxib Need to Knows
Affect Kidneys
Take with food
Can cause GI symptoms
85
Allopurinol
Zyloprim
86
Allopurinol (Zyloprim) Action
Treats gout
Inhibits uric acid production
87
Allopurinol (Zyloprim) Need to Knows
Stevens-Johnson Disorder (necrotic skin disorder)
Increase fluids to 3L per day
88
Adsorbent
Bismuth subsalicylate
89
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) MOA
Coats the GI walls, binds to and evacuate toxin/problem
90
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Adverse Effects
Dark stools, blue tongue, metallic taste
91
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Contraindication
Don't give to children! (Aspirin)
92
Antimotility Drugs
Belladonna Alkaloids
Loperamide (Imodium)
93
Belladonna Alkaloids Need to Know
Slows peristalsis
Opioids
CNS Depression
Given for severe diarrhea
94
Loperamide
Imodium
95
Loperamide (Imodium)
Slows peristalsis
Not opioid
Less severe diarrhea
Pretty safe
96
Probiotic
Lactobacillus (Bacid)
97
Psyllium
Metamucil
98
Bulk forming MOA
High fiber
absorb water to increase bulk
99
Psyllium (Metamucil)
Bulk Forming
100
Emollient
Docusate Salts
101
Docusate Salts
Colace
102
Docusate Salts MOA
Lubricates feces and GI walls
Slip and Slide
103
Saline Drug
Magnesium hydroxide
104
Magnesium hydroxide
Milk of Magnesia
105
Saline/Magnesium Hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) MOA
Increase intestinal osmotic pressure to increase peristalsis
106
What laxative do people to to intentionally lose weight?
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
107
Stimulant Drug
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
108
Bisacodyl
Dulcolax
109
Stimulant/Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) MOA
Intestinal nerve stimulation to increase peristalsis
110
Anticholinergic Drug
Scopolamine
111
Scopolamine MOA
Blocks acetylcholine receptors
112
Scopolamine Contraindication
Glaucoma
113
Antidopaminergic Drug
Promethazine (Phenergan)
114
Promethazine
Phenergan
115
Antidopaminergic Drug/Promethazine (Phenergan) Adverse Effects
Tardive dyskinesia (repeated involuntary movements)
116
Prokinetic Drug
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
117
Metoclopramide
Reglan
118
Metoclopramide (Reglan) MOA
Enhance gastric empyting
119
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Adverse Effects
Hypotension and tardive dyskinesia
120
Serotonin Blockers
Ondansetron (Zofran)
121
Ondansetron
Zofran
122
Ondansetron (Zofran) Adverse Effects
Bronchospasm, prolonged QT interval
