Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anesthesia-Diuretics > Pharmacology-Diuretics > Flashcards

Pharmacology-Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary therapeutic effect of diuretics

A

Inhibit Na+ reabsorption

(promotes loss of Na+ and H2O; reduces plasma volume and blood pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the main uses for diuretics?

A

*HTN
*CHF
kidney/liver disease
ICP/IOP management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What two medications work in the glomerulus

A

NSAIDS and ACEI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which medications work in the PCT?

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Osmotic Diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which medication works in the Loop of Henle (thick ascending)

A

Loop Diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which diuretic works in the DCT?

A

Thiazides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which medications work in the Collecting Duct?

A

Aldosterone Antagonists
ADH Antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What medication is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

Acetazolamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MOA of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

block carbonic anhydrase activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor decrease the reabsorption of

A

Na+
HCO3-
H2O

(causing natriuresis, diuresis, alkaline urine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors increases the excretion of

A

K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors increase the reabsorption of

A

Cl-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors cause the reabsorption of _________, causing metabolic acidosis

A

hydrogen (lose bicarb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SIDE EFFECTS of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Metabolic Acidosis

HYPOkalemia

HYPERchloremia (excess chloride in the blood due to exchange of Cl- for bicarb

Kidney Stones

Fatigue

Paresthesias (tingling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which patients should not receive carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

renal insufficient patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Can carbonic anhydrase inhibitors cause tolerance?

A

YES, after 2-3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Osmotic diuretics dont go under _______ and causes ________ in plasma & renal tubular fluid osmolarity

A

metabolism; increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Osmotic diuretics decreases reabsorption of_______

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What medications are osmotic diuretics

A

*Mannitol
Urea
Isosorbide
Glycerine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What diuretics do you give a patient with LV dysfunction?

A

Osmotic & Furosemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the SIDE EFFECTS of osmotic diuretics?

A

Increased plasm volume
Caution w/LV dysfunction & pulmonary edema
HYPOVOLEMIA w/long-term use
HYPOkalemia/natremia
Thrombophlebitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mannitol not filtered with

A

renal insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the dose of mannitol

A

0.25-2g/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mannitol is a ______ ______, meaning it does not _________cell membranes

A

sugar alcohol; cross

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the duration of mannitol

A

6-8 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How does mannitol prevent perioperative renal failure in ATN?

A

Vasodilates (improves RBF)
Removes toxins & necrotic debris
Scavenger of free O2 radicals (prevent cellular injury)

27
Q

Which is the most potent diuretic

28
Q

MOA of loop diuretics

A

block Na/K/2Cl co-transporter, decreasing the reabsorption of EVERYTHING

29
Q

Loops cause

A

natriuresis, diuresis, and hyppokalemia

30
Q

Which diuretic is 1st line for HTN

31
Q

Loops are less effective ini

A

lowering HTN

32
Q

Loops cause an increase in _________ formation, leading to vasodilation

A

prostaglandin

33
Q

Loop diuretic medications

A

*Furosemide (Lasix)
Torsemide
Ethacrynic Acid
Bumetanide

34
Q

Loops are used to treat

A

HTN
Edema
HYPERkalemia/calcemia

35
Q

SIDE EFFECTS of Loops

A

HYPOkalemia/natremia/calcemia/magnesemia

Metabolic alkalosis
HOTN
Renal ischemic injury
Hyperuricemia
Gout
Ototoxicity
Tinnitus
Increased nephrotoxic effects of aminoglycosides & cephalosporins

36
Q

Dose of Loop

A

20-40mg IV (200mg MAX)
Onset 5-10min
Duration 2-6 hrs

37
Q

HF patients are often resistant to

A

Loops and may need thiazide

38
Q

Loops can treat

A

pulmonary edema

39
Q

Thiazide can treat

A

hypocalcemia

40
Q

MOA of thiazides

A

block Na/Cl cotransporter and work in the DCT

41
Q

Thiazides decrease the reabsorption of

A

Na/Cl/Water, causing natriuresis and diuresis

42
Q

Thiazides increase the excretion of

43
Q

Thiazides increase the reabsorption of

44
Q

What medications are thiazide diuretics

A

*Hydrochlorothiazides
Chlorothiazide
Chlorthalidone
Indapamide

45
Q

SIDE EFFECTS of Thiazides

A

HYPOkalemia/natremia/chloremia/magnesia/phosphate/volemia

Hypercalcemia/uricemia/glycemia

glucose intolerance & insulin resistance

Metabolic alkalosis

Cross-reactivity in sulfa allergy

46
Q

2 types of Potassium Sparing Diuretics

A

Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC blockers

Aldosterone receptor antagonist

47
Q

Example of ENaC blockers

A

Triamterene
Amiloride

48
Q

Examples of Aldosterone receptor antagonists

A

Spironolactone
Eplerenone

49
Q

Where do potassium sparing drugs work

50
Q

Both ENaC and Aldosterone receptor antagonists decrease reabsorption of____________and decrease excretion of

A

Na+ and Water

K+

51
Q

Aldosterone receptor antagonists (potassium sparing) work to inhibit

A

Na/K ATPase

52
Q

Na/K pump and the ENaC channel promotes_______

A

Na+ loss
K+ reabsorption

53
Q

SIDE EFFECTS of potassium sparing diuretics

A

HYPERkalemia
Hyponatremia
Metabolic Acidosis
Dehydration
HOTN
Gynecomastia
Decreased androgen levels
Dry Skin
Rash

54
Q

Potassium Sparing is _____and usually given with a _______ to prevent________

A

weak;thiazide; hypokalemia

55
Q

Medications of the Dopamine Receptor Agonist family

A

*Dopamine
Fenoldopam

56
Q

D1 receptor activation inhibits

A

Na/H+ exchange
Na/K+/ATPase

57
Q

D1 receptor activation increases

58
Q

D1 receptor activation causes_______ and maintains and increases ____and____

A

Natriuresis; RBF & GFR

59
Q

Higher doses of D1 receptor activation can cause

A

Beta cardiac stimulation
Alpha vasoconstriction

60
Q

D1 med Fenoldopam is ________, increases_______and decreases______

A

selective;RBF;SVR
(causes no vasoconstriction nor cardiostimulation due to moderate alpha-2 activity)

61
Q

Fenoldopam is used for short term treatment of severe_____ and _____ ______

A

HTN: renal protection

62
Q

Hypokalemia can ______muscle relaxant due to the cells being______

A

potentiate; hyperpolarized

63
Q

renal ischemia may occur with

A

a normal MAP

Anesthesia-Diuretics (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions