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Surgical Tech > Pharmacology Chapter 9-12 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Chapter 9-12 Flashcards

1
Q

Where can you found IV?

A

OR

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2
Q

if use two IV’s at same time, a primary and secondary tubing is used and called

A

Piggyback

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3
Q

inhibits Vietnam k

A

Coumarin

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4
Q

surgical procedure for extracapsular cataract extraction using ultrasonic vibrations that break up the lens

A

phacoemulsification

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5
Q

paralytic agent that dilate the pupil by paralyzing the sphincter muscle of the iris

A

mydriatics

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6
Q

paralytic agent that dilat the pupil

A

cycloplegics

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7
Q

what is the female Hemoglobin

A

12-16g/10 mL

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8
Q

What is the male Hemoglobin

A

14-18g/100mL

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9
Q

seldom given, but separated into RBC’s plasma, clotting factors, and anticoagulants
indicated in cases with massive blood loss

A

Whole blood

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10
Q

used in transfusions

are given in a synthetic volume expander and they contain hemoglobin

A

Packed red cells

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11
Q

is used when clotting factors are needed in addition to circulating volume
is stored as Fresh Frozen and thawed in water bath prior to administration

A

Plasma

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12
Q

used when large amounts of donor blood used because they are removed during the donor blood process
to restore normal clotting process and to help repair damage vessels

A

Platelets

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13
Q

a plasma component used to treat hemophilia

A

Cryoprecipitate

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14
Q

used to increase the total volume of body fluids to treat hypovolemia

A

Volume Expanders

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15
Q

Volume Expanders are

A

Ringer solutions, normal saline, hypertonic saline, Albumin

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16
Q

Autotransfusion is not possible in cases when patient:

A

has cancer, undergoing bowel surgery

has systemic infection, undergoing c-section

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17
Q

hormone like substance produced by the body that cause bone morrow to produce more blood cells.

A

Hematopoietic

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18
Q

a product made from highly purified bovine hemoglobin situated in salt solution

A

Hemopure

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19
Q

is also a synthetic used for its osmotic properties

A

Hetastarch (Hespan)

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20
Q

what can not be used on tissue very often and can be used on cancer areas

A

Sterile water

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21
Q

1.5% is non-conductive and used to irrigate body cavities

A

Glycine

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22
Q

water soluble, nonconductive and used to distend the uterus

A

Hyskon

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23
Q

direct injection into the chamber of the eye

A

intracameral

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24
Q

group of disease involving abnormal cell growth with potential to invade and spread

A

cancer

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25
Q

cell that not cancerous

A

benign

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26
Q

abnormal growth or tumor

A

neoplasm

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27
Q

cancerous

becomes the worse or end of death

A

malignant

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28
Q

original site of tumor

A

primary site

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29
Q

spread of cancer or disease spread form one part of the body to the other

A

metastasis

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30
Q

the site where cancer spread beyond the initial site

A

secondary site

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31
Q

agent that inhibit or prevent the growth of malignant or tumor

A

Antineoplastic agent

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32
Q

state of disease symptoms being abated or arrested

A

remission

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33
Q

substance toxic to cells

A

cytotoxic

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34
Q

cause of disease

A

etiology

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35
Q

directly involved in causing cancer

A

carcinogens

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36
Q

science that study factors which determine and influence frequency and distribution of disease

A

epidemiology

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37
Q

Kills cells by forming cross link on the DNA strands
affect all phases of cell cycle
Examples cyclophosphamids (cytoxan) and carboplatin (Paraplatin)

A

Alkylating

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38
Q

pathway is the formation of a blood clot that stats off with substance that are contained in blood

A

Intrinsic Pathway

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39
Q

an pathway is formation of blood clot that starts off by factor outside the blood

A

Extrinsic Pathway

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40
Q

medication treatment to alleviate the symptoms without curing the disease

A

Palliative

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41
Q

disrupts the metabolic process
inhibits enzymes synthesis
Example methotrexate (Mexate) and
5 fluorouracil (5-FU)

A

Antimetabolites

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42
Q

used in ectopic pregnancy treatment

A

Methotrexate

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43
Q

Derivatives of plant extracts
block cell division at specific stage
Example are paclitaxel (Taxol) and docetaxel (Taxotere)

A

Mitotic inhibitors

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44
Q

different for antibiotics that treat infection
target specific types of cancers by inhibiting protein and RNA synthesis
Examples are bleomycin sulfate (Blenoxane) and doxorubican (Adriamycin)

A

Antineoplastic antibiotics

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45
Q 
used in conbination with other hormones 
inhibit tumor cell growth 
complete with endogenous hormones
act as anti-inflammatory agents
Example are leuprolide (Luptron) and tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
A

Hormones and hormones antagonists

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46
Q

does not freely diffuse across a semipermeable membrane

A

colloid

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47
Q

solution of predominately sterile water with electrolytes to approximate the mineral content of human plasma

A

crystalloids

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48
Q

agent used to treat chemotherapy side effects by stimulating specific bone marrow production of blood cells are

A

erythropoietin

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49
Q

uses genes to treat and prevent disease

A

gene therapy

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50
Q

super small particles measured in nanometers

A

nanotechnology

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51
Q

when blood is removed form a donor and given to another person

A

homologous

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52
Q

within a vein

A

intravenous

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53
Q

helps blood maintain homeostasis

A

electrolytes

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54
Q

an irregular heartbeat or abnormal heart rhythm

A

arrhythmias

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55
Q

solution in which the solute and solvent are equally distributed so the cell neither expand or shrink

A

isotonic

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56
Q

condition of excess acid in body fluids

A

metabolic acidosis

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57
Q

breakdown of red blood cells

A

hemolysis

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58
Q

protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen

A

hemoglobin

59
Q

proportion of total blood volume that is composed of red blood cells

A

hematocrit

60
Q

stimulates the immune response

A

antigens

61
Q

the blood contains more ……………to keep the blood flowing through the circulatory system

A

anticoagulants

62
Q

clumping together of platelets

A

platelet aggregation

63
Q

are agents that replenish deficiencies in thew natural clotting mechanism is

A

systemic coagulants

64
Q

can be given orally, works 3-5 minutes, may be used form the back table in irrigation, may be administrate directly to artery, used for port a caths, used in cardiac surgery, extracorporeal bypass us used

A

Heparin

65
Q

fluid pressure inside the eye

A

intraocular pressure (IOP)

66
Q

making an opening smaller

A

constricting

67
Q

making an opening lager

A

dilating

68
Q

treat in medical setting

group of condition characters by increased intraocular pressure

A

glaucoma

69
Q

to much calcium

A

hypercalcemia

70
Q

to little calcium

A

hypocalcemia

71
Q

to much potassium

A

hyperkalemia

72
Q

to little potassium

A

hypokalemia

73
Q

to much sodium

A

Hypertremia

74
Q

to little sodium

A

hypotremia

75
Q

used in long term management
treat DVT
cause prolong clotting times

A

oral anticoagulants

76
Q

delayed onset of action and so are not used in emergency situations is

A

oral anticoagulants

77
Q

are drug administrated intravenously subcutaneously or topically that interfere with blood clotting

A

parenteral anticoagulants

78
Q

to speed the break down of existing blood clots

A

thrombolytics

79
Q

Avitene should be applied with dry instruments only because

A

it will stick to a wet surface

80
Q

promotes blood clotting by increasing synthesis of coagulation

A

Vitamin K

81
Q

agent that inhibit or prevent blood clotting

A

anticoagulant

82
Q

applied to bleeding surface is

A

gelfoam

83
Q

what contain both coagulants and anticoagulants

A

blood

84
Q

there are used in all specialties especially gelfoam to stop oozing bleeding form small vessels

A

topical hemostatics

85
Q

stop or arrest bleeding

A

hemostatics

86
Q

blood clot in a deep vein

A

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

87
Q

blocking of a major blood vessel in lungs or blood clot

A

pulmonary embolism

88
Q

during surgery damage blood vessels are controlled by

A

ligatures, sutures, cautery, topical hemostatic agents

89
Q

made form purified bovine collagen sponge cut to a desired shape and applied with pressure to a bleeding site

A

absorbable collagen sponge

90
Q

helistat, helitene are

A

absorbable collagen sponge

91
Q

what are animal in origin made from purified porcine skin gelatin
mechanical
applied topically

A

Absorbable Gelatin

92
Q

Gelfilm, surgiflo, surgifoam
Floseal
felfoam powder, gelfoam sponge, gelita-spon are

A

Absorbable Gelatin

93
Q

agent that enhance or promote blood clotting

A

coagulants

94
Q

what is parenteral anticoagulant that is mainly used in surgery

A

Heparin sodium

95
Q

made form bees was and is mechanical

A

bone wax

96
Q

a powder used topically on mucous membrane

A

tannic acid

97
Q

what measured in units

A

Heparin

98
Q

drug that binds to specific receptors sites and prevent other medications form binding to these same sites

A

antagonist

99
Q

agent in ointment form used to moisten and protect the eye

A

lubricants

100
Q

why to never use water on the cornea

A

it will pit the tissue

101
Q

the most common ophthalmic solution is ……..and it is sterile

A

balanced salt solution

102
Q

NaCl

A

sodium chloride

103
Q

NaCl, NS

A

Normal Saline (0.9%)

104
Q

in charge of fluid replacement while irrigation occurs form the steirle filed

A

anesthesia

105
Q

are fluid that are distributed into two distinct compartments

A

intracelluar and extracellular fluid

106
Q

major electrolytes are

A

Na- Sodium, Cl- Chloride, k-potassium, Ca-calcium

107
Q

inhibits vitamin k activity in the liver and so prevent formation of some coagulants factors

A

warfarin

108
Q

inhibits platelet aggregation

A

Aspirin

109
Q

Applied to bleeding surfaces swells becoming a gelatinous mass that serves as as nucleus for clotting

A

Oxidized Cellulose

110
Q

agent of choice for simple hydration
also called normal saline
can replace lost sodium. treat metabolic acidosis, used with blood products as it does not hemolyze blood cells

A

Sodium Chloride 0.9%

111
Q

during ophthalmic produces to cleans the operative site and keep the cornea moist

A

Irrigating solution

112
Q

a medicine taken or given to counteract a particular poison

protamine sulfate

A

antidote

113
Q

Medication that constrict the pupil by stimulating the sphincter muscle of the iris and reduces intraocular pressure
used to treat glaucoma
it is a Miochol- E

A

Miotics

114
Q

color or mark tissue

used for corneal ulcers or abrasions, foregin bodies in the eye, or other abnormalities

A

Diagnostic Stains

115
Q

are hormones with a wide range of effect, to decrease ocular inflammatory response trauma, decrease corneal inflammation, to protect eye in scarring, and post-operatively to decease swelling

A

Steroids

116
Q

a protein produced by the immune system when it detects harmful substances called antigens

A

Antibody

117
Q

used in patients who require an easily metabolized source of calories

A

Dextrose

118
Q

patient with a lot of electrolyte loss

A

Normosol R

119
Q

topical liquid agent used alone or in combination with gelatin sponge. it must be used immediately after preparation or refrigerated it comes in spray form or in a powder that must be reconstituted

A

Thrombin

120
Q

was used to break down suspensory ligaments (zonula) during old type cataract surgery

A

Alpha-chymotrypsin

121
Q

to prevent or treat cystoid macular edema, iritis, and conjunctivitis

A

Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

122
Q

when will you see anicoagulant the most in surgery

A

blood coagulation

123
Q

reinfusion of the patient own blood

A

autotransfusion

124
Q

in blood transfusion, when the recipent and donor are the same person

A

autologous

125
Q

clumping of particles, such as red blood cells

A

agglutination

126
Q

external ocular infections and as prophylaxis against post- op infections
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity stronger antibiotics and result in eye treatment

A

ophthalmic anti-infective or ophthalmic antibiotics

127
Q

a drug fibrous preparation of purified bovine corium collagen

A

Microfibrillar Collagen hemostat

128
Q

are essential fro survival so homeostasis must be maintained

A

fluids

129
Q

are balance vitals

A

blood and electrolyte

130
Q

can be lost during surgery

A

blood and fluids

131
Q

mediation that interfere with normal transmission of pain impulses to brain
Alcaine

A

anesthetics

132
Q

a proteins that act as catalysts hyaluronidase mixed with local anesthetics increase their effect

A

Enzymes

133
Q

Anesthesia personal may administer them via IV preoperatively
calcium salts transfusions
vitamin k patients on certain meds as oral anticoagulants or antibacterial therapies
blood coagulation factors patients with deficiencies

A

systemic coagulants

134
Q

works at serval points in the clotting cascade, interferes with the conversations of prothrombin to thrombin and fibrinogen to fibrin

A

Heparin

135
Q

most abundant anion in ECF

A

Chloride

136
Q

most abundant mineral in the body 4.5 to 5.5

A

Calcium

137
Q

important for general anesthesia 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

A

Potassium

138
Q

they tell components of solution

the number indicate the strength or concentration of the components in the solution

A

IV fluids

139
Q

a chemical cauterizing agent

A

Silver nitrate

140
Q

thick like jelly substance injected the eye during produces
during cataract surgery, into the anterior chamber to keep it expanded
come in premeasured sterile syringes with blunt tipped cannulas OVDs Viscoat, Provisc

A

Viscoelastic agent or Opthalmic Viscoelastic device

141
Q

IV fluids in surgery are called

solutions of mostly water with dissolved electrolytes, dextrose solutions, and multiple electrolyte solutions

A

crystalloids

142
Q

oral anticoagulants that prevent clot information by inhibiting platelet aggregation

A

antiplatelet drug

143
Q

used in medical setting
given IV to help dissolve blood clots
used to treat acute myocardial infraction
Hemorrhage is major side effect so patient monitors closely

A

Thrombolytics

Surgical Tech (3 decks)

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