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NURS300 > Pharmacology basics > Flashcards

Pharmacology basics Flashcards

1
Q

Drug

A

Any chemical that can affect body function

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2
Q

Prescription

A

Medicine that have potential for sedation or addiction , so must be regulated

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3
Q

Herbal medicine

A

Plant-based
Considered natural by the consumer
Used for: Treatment and cure, prophylactics and prevention, maintenance of health and wellness, and boosting the immune system

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4
Q

Forms of herbal products

A

Dried, fresh, oils, salves, tinctures, teas, extracts, and syrups

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5
Q

Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994

A

Herbal products are considered “dietary supplements”
No standards for quality control
May claim effect but do not have to promise a specific cure

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6
Q

St. Johns Wart

A

Antidepressant and antiviral; for depression, anxiety, sleep disorders. effects in 4-8 weeks

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7
Q

Aloe Vera

A

External: relief of pain; promotes burn healing
Internal: constipation; may cause arrhythmias, neuropathies, and edema

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8
Q

Chamomile

A

Relief of digestive complaints
May have sedative effects
Rare allergic reactions of urticaria and bronchoconstriction if allergic to daisy or ragweed

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9
Q

Echinacea

A

Stimulates immune system

For colds, flu, recurrent respiratory and urinary tract infections. Limit use to two weeks.

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10
Q

Evening primrose

A

Natural estrogen promoter; may lower seizure threshold if taken with an anticonvulsant

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11
Q

Garlic

A

Detoxifies and increases immune function; decreases platelet aggregation; for hypercholesterolemia, mild HTN.

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12
Q

Ginger

A

Stimulates digestion; antispasmodic; decreases platelet aggregation

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13
Q

Ginkgo biloba

A

Antioxidant; peripheral vasodilator and increased blood flow to CNS; decreased platelet aggregation

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14
Q

Licorice

A

Anti-inflammatory; antibacterial; antiviral; topical: psoriasis and eczema

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15
Q

Peppermint

A

Internal: stimulates appetite and aids in digestion
External: relief of tension headaches when rubbed on forehead

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16
Q

4 types of drug reactions:

A

Addictive
Synergistic
Antagonistic
Incompatible

17
Q

Addictive drug reaction:

A

When 2 drugs that do the same thing end up potentiating themselves.
Ex: Aspirin and Heparin

18
Q

Syn

A

2 drugs that work differently to solve the same problem

19
Q

Antagonistic

A

One drug will counteract another drug

20
Q

Incompatible

A

IV solutions. Cannot be used together.

21
Q

Sage

A

Herb of longevity

22
Q

Alcohol

A

CNS depressant and vasodilator

Used as solvent in many drugs

23
Q

Caffine

A

Stimulant and vasodilator

Pain management

24
Q

Nicotine

A

Releases epinephrine producing stress response followed by CNS depression
No therapeutic uses

25
Q

Physiologic and psychologic dependence on
caffeine has been found with chronic use of
what dosage/day?

A

500 mg

26
Q 
Which is not inherently included in an informed consent?
A. Avoidance of fraud in health care
B. Promotion of rational decision making
C. Assurance of health care outcome
D. Promotion of self-determination
A

C. Assurance of health care outcome

27
Q

Why conduct human clinical trials?

A

To test for safety, toxicity, efficacy, potency, bioavailability, and purity of the investigational drug being tested

28
Q

Phase I

A

Healthy subjects of life-threatened clients.

Determines optimal dose and pharmacokinetics

29
Q

Phase II

A
  • Volunteers with disease

- Close monitoring for adverse effects, therapeutic dose refined

30
Q

Phase III

A
  • Drug on market at research centers where large number of subjects followed.
  • Determines effectiveness, safety and dosage range, and increases objectivity by introducing a placebo controlled study
31
Q

Blinded investigational study

A

The subject doesn’t know

32
Q

Double blind study

A

The subject and the investigator doesn’t know

33
Q

Phase IV

A
  • Post manufacture follow up
  • Adverse reactions can show up after use by larger populations
  • Recalls can occur

NURS300 (4 decks)

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