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DWT Exam 4 > Pharmacology - Antineoplastic > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Antineoplastic Flashcards

1
Q

Therapeutic goal of antineoplastics

A

Eliminate all cancer cells
All evidence of cancer is eliminated
Reduce/control pain
Improve well-being
Correct physiologic abnormalities

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2
Q

Therapeutic targets of antineoplastics

A

Rapidly diving cells
Cancer cell-specific antigens
Tyrosine kinase
(Multiple targets make treatment difficult)

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3
Q

Main toxicity of antineoplastic drugs

A

Myelosuppression
- neutrophils (mostly) WBC below 750* adjust
- platelets (sometimes)
- anemia (unlikely)

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4
Q

Common irritations of antineoplastic drugs

A

Mucosal cells of GI (slog off)
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Ulceration

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5
Q

What toxicity is uncommon in animals? What is the exception?

A

Hair loss
Dogs don’t have continuously growing hair (except poodles)

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6
Q

Agent specific effects (6)

A

Nausea
Phlebitis
Cellulitis / necrosis (extravastion)
Nephrotoxicity (esp in ‘platins)
Peripheral neuritis
Acute tumor lysis syndrome

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7
Q

Targets of antineoplastic drug resistance

A

Genetically altered
Reduced cellular uptake (MDR1, p-glyco)
Drug in activation
Decreased activation of prodrugs
Decreased rate of cell division
Increase in DNA repair system

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8
Q

Common protocols for cancer treatment

A

Treat multiple targets
Alternate week therapy

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9
Q

Function of cyclophosphamide

A

Form covalent bond w DNA
DNA is now useless for translation/scription

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10
Q

Cyclophosphamide activation

A

Prodrug activated in liver

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11
Q

Adverse effects of cyclophosphamide

A

Myelosuppression (neutropenia & thrombocytopenia)
Nausea & vomiting (high doses in cats)
Alopecia (when applicable)

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12
Q

Extreme adverse effects in cats taking high doses of cyclophosphamide

A

Reversible neurotoxicity in cats (CNS)
**sterile necrotizing hemorrhagic cystitis -metabolites in urine= acrolein

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13
Q

Sterile necrotizing hemorrhagic cystitis
-common side effect in what drug? What species?
- treatment

A

Cyclophosphamide = cats
Dose in morning, ample time for excretion
Increase water consumption, urination
Mesna - binds to metabolites

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14
Q

Vincristine function

A

Microtubule binding agents
Arrests mitosis, cell cycle, apoptosis or necrosis

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15
Q

Adverse effects of vincristine

A

Dose dependent leukopenia (mild)
Thrombocytopenia, anemia is rare
Peripheral neuropathy (CNS)

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16
Q

How should vincristine be administered?

A

IV only
Is extremely irritating, can cause blisters

17
Q

Doxorubicin features

A

Common antibiotic, similar function as floroquinalones
Inhibit topoisomerase I & II - nick DNA strands

18
Q

Acute toxicity of doxorubicin

A

EKG changes, brief cardiac arrest
Weight loss, anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting
Myelotoxic - neutropenia (up to 3w)
Lymphoid atrophy

19
Q

Chronic toxicity in doxorubicin

A

Hair loss
Testicular atrophy
Dose dependent cardiac toxicity (arrhythmias, cardio myopathy) liposomal dose forms are safer

20
Q

L-asparaginase features

A

Enzyme, destroy exogenous supplies

21
Q

Notable adverse effects of L-asparaginase

A

Anaphylaxis
Pancreatitis
Decrease clotting factors, esp fibrinogen
NOT myelosuppressive

22
Q

Prednisone/prednisolone

A

Direct cytotoxicity

23
Q

Dosing of antineoplastic drugs

A

Distributed by weight (mg/kg) or surface area (mg/M^2)

24
Q

Antineoplastic drugs with little reaction potential

A

L-asparaginase
Cyclophosphamide
Monoclonal antibodies

25
Q

Antineoplastic drugs with inflammatory reactions

A

5-FU
Methotrexate

26
Q

Antineoplastic drugs with irritant reactions

A

Carboplatin
Bleomycin

27
Q

Antineoplastic drugs with exfoliant reactions

A

Liposomal doxorubicin
Cisplatin
Taxanes

28
Q

Antineoplastic drugs with vesicant reactions

A

Tissue necrosis/blisters
Doxorubicin
Vincristine

29
Q

What drugs should not be administered with a needle/butterfly cannula?

A

Irritants, exfoliants, vesicants

DWT Exam 4 (3 decks)

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