Pharmacology - Antidepressants Flashcards
1
Q
What are the different types of antidepressants?
A
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
- Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
- Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs)
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
2
Q
List some examples of SSRIs
A
- Citalopram
- Fluoxetine
- Sertraline
- Paroxetine
3
Q
List some examples of SNRIs
A
- Duloxetine
- Venlafaxine
- Escitalopram
4
Q
List some examples of TCAs
A
- Amitriptyline
- Clomipramine
- Opipramol
5
Q
List some examples of TeCAs
A
- Mirtazapine
- Amoxapine
- Setiptiline
6
Q
List some examples of MAOIs
A
Non-selective
- Isocarboxazid
MAO-B selective
- Selegiline
MAO-A selective
- MetrAlindole
7
Q
What is the mechanism of action of SSRIs?
A
- Increase the extracellular level of serotonin
- Limiting its reabsorption (reuptake) into the presynaptic cell
- Increasing the level of serotonin in the synaptic cleft available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor.
8
Q
What is the mechanism of action of SNRIs?
A
- Increase the extracellular level of noradrenaline and serotonin
- Limiting its reabsorption (reuptake) into the presynaptic cells
- Increasing the level of both in the synoptic cleft available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor.
9
Q
What is the mechanism of action of TCAs?
A
- Blocking the serotonin transporter (SERT) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET), respectively
- Which results in an elevation of the synaptic concentrations of these neurotransmitters
- Therefore an enhancement of neurotransmission
10
Q
What is the mechanism of action of TeCAs?
A
- Inhibit the noradrenaline reuptake
- More available in synaptic cleft
- More available to bind to postsynaptic receptors
Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant
11
Q
What is the mechanism of action of MOAIs?
A
- MAOIs act by inhibiting the activity of monoamine oxidase
- Preventing the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters
- Increasing their availability.
12
Q
What the side effects of SSRIs?
A
- Serotonin syndrome
- Weight change
- GI Problems
- Pregnancy
- Antidepressant-induced mania
- Sexual
- Emotional blunting
- Hyponatraemia
13
Q
What the side effects of TCAs?
A
- Drowsiness
- Dry mouth
- Blurred vision
- Constipation
- Urinary retention
- Lengthening of QT interval
14
Q
When taking a MAOI what foods do they need to avoid?
A
- Cheese
- Contain tyramine which can cuase a hypertensive crisis
15
Q
Can SSRIs be used in pregnancy?
A
- It is advised that paroxetine be avoided in pregnancy unless the benefits outweigh the risk
- Paroxetine can lead to congenital malformations
