Pharmacology Antibiotics and Cancer Flashcards
Are all antibiotics considered antimicrobials?
Yes
Is gram+ or gram- harder to treat and why?
Gram- because it has a outer membrane that makes it harder for drugs to penetrate
What is selective toxicity?
Only target bacteria, not human cells
What is the difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotics?
Bacteriostatic antibiotics only inhibit the growth of the bacteria and require the hosts immune system. Bactericidal kill the bacteria and don’t require the host immune system.
Two types of bactericidal antibiotics?
Concentration dependent and time dependent
What are the three considerations when selecting treatment for bacterial infection?
- Bacteria factors(identity and susceptibility)
- Host specific factors(allergies, renal function, etc.)
- Drug specific factors(drug-drug interactions, route, etc.)
What are the two types of drug resistances and their differences
Innate-Drug never worked
Acquired-Something happened to cause the drug to stop working
What factors contribute to resistance?
- Overuse/misuse
- Don’t need or don’t complete full amount
- International OTC
- Use of antibiotics in livestock
Why is TB so hard to treat?
Once inhaled, it goes to alveoli and walls itself off from treatment
What are the symptoms for TB?
Fever, night sweats, malaise, weight loss
Pulm system: productive cough and pleuritic pain
TB treatment goals
- Contain infection
- Cure infection: 2 phases
Main take away: Intensive and long duration drug treatment
Side effects of TB drugs
- liver and kidney issues
- visual disturbances
- CN8 damage (vestibulocochlear)
- neurological symptoms
How is C-diff transmitted?
Fecal to Oral
Also occurs when normal flora is interrupted
C-diff symptoms?
watery diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever
C-diff precautions
Make sure to wear gloves and wash hands with soap and water, alcohol doesn’t work.
What drug can cause C-diff?
Lincosamide (Clindamysin)
What drug is used to treat C-diff?
Vancomysin (Glycopeptide)
Nitroimidazole (Metronidazole)
What are the side effects of nitroimidazole?
GI, metallic taste
less often:peripheral neuropathy
What is MRSA?
It is a bacteria that causes infection. Known as a “super-bug”.
What drug is used to treat MRSA?
linezolid
What is pneumonia?
Lung infection
What can pneumonia be caused by?
Bacteria 30%
Viral 50%
Mycoplasmas 20%