Pharmacology A

Question 1

Classification of Drugs

Answer 1

General Sales List (GSL)
Pharmacy Only (P)
Prescription Only (POM)

Question 2

Optometrists can sell and supply…

Answer 2

All GSL and P medicinal products

Question 3

Iris Dilator Pupillae effect

Answer 3

SNS - Constriction (mydriasis)

Question 4

Iris Sphincter Pupillae effect

Answer 4

PNS - Contraction (miosis)

Question 5

Ciliary muscle

Answer 5

SNS - Relaxation for DV
PNS - Contraction for NV - Accommodation

Question 6

Ciliary epithelium

Answer 6

SNS - Production of aqueous humour

Question 7

Conjunctival Blood Vessels

Answer 7

SNS - Contraction - vasoconstriction
PNS - Relaxation - Vasodilation

Question 8

Lacrimal Gland

Answer 8

PNS - Tear production

Question 9

Ocular consequence of activation of SNS

Answer 9

Aqueous humour production increases
Pupil dilates

Question 10

Ocular consequence of activation of PNS

Answer 10

Pupil constricts
Aqueous humour drained from the anterior chamber (due to constriction of longitudinal fibres of ciliary body – opens trabecular network)

Question 11

Ach Synthesis

Answer 11

• Made from choline and acetyl coenzyme A. Reaction is catalysed by enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Produces coenzyme A and Ach
• Synthesised in presynaptic neuron and stored in vesicles
• Exocytosed following action potential and acts on receptors on postsynaptic cell

Question 12

Nicotinic Receptors

Answer 12

• Ligand gated ion channels - faster transmission
• Located in ganglia in ANS
• Subtypes - neuronal and muscle
• Also at skeletal neuromuscular junction and brain (outside the ANS)

Question 13

Muscarinic Receptors

Answer 13

• GPCRs = G-protein coupled receptors, slower transmission
• Located in the target organ in ANS
• Subtypes: M1-M5 (M3 located in exocrine glands and smooth muscle)
• Also in brain (outside the ANS)