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Drugs > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenaline
4 B1
1 B2
1 A

A

A naturally occurring alpha and beta-adrenergic stimulant
Actions:
Increases HR by increasing SA node firing rate (Beta 1)
Increases conduction velocity through the A-V node (Beta 1)
Increases myocardial contractility (Beta 1)
Increases the irritability of the ventricles (Beta 1)
Causes bronchodilatation (Beta 2)
Causes peripheral vasoconstriction (Alpha)

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2
Q

Aspirin

A

An analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet aggregation agent
Actions:
To minimise platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in order to retard
the progression of coronary artery thrombosis in ACS
Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins - anti-inflammatory actions

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3
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Cephalosporin antibiotic

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4
Q

Dexamethasone

A

A corticosteroid secreted by the adrenal cortex
Actions:
Relieves inflammatory reactions
Provides immunosuppression

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5
Q

Dextrose 10%

A 
A slightly hypertonic crystalloid solution
Composition:
Sugar – 10% dextrose
Water
Actions:
Provides a source of energy
Supplies body water
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6
Q

Fentanyl

DRD D

A 
A synthetic opioid analgesic
Actions:
CNS effects:
Depression – leading to analgesia
Respiratory depression – leading to apnoea
Dependence (addiction)
Cardiovascular effects:
Decreases conduction velocity through the A-V node
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7
Q

Glucagon

A

A hormone normally secreted by the pancreas
Actions:
Causes an increase in blood glucose concentration by converting stored
liver glycogen to glucose

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8
Q

Glyceryl Trinitrate

2 Actions
5 Effects

A

Principally, a vascular smooth muscle relaxant

Actions:

  1. Venous dilatation –> venous pooling + reduces venous return = reduces preload
  2. Arterial dilatation –> reduces systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure = reduces afterload

Effects:

  1. ↓ myocardial oxygen demand
  2. ↓ SBP, DBP, MAP
  3. Mild collateral coronary arterial dilatation may improve blood supply to ischaemic areas to the myocardium
  4. Mild tachy secondary to slight ↓ in SBP
  5. Preterm labour: Uterine quiescence in pregnancy

(Quiscene - means dormant or quiet)

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9
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant

Inactivates clotting factors IIa (thrombin) and Xa by binding to antithrombin III

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10
Q

Ipratropium Bromide

A

Anticholinergic bronchodilator
Actions:
Allows bronchodilatation by inhibiting cholinergic bronchomotor tone (i.e.
blocks vagal reflexes which mediate bronchoconstriction)

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11
Q

Ketamine

A

Anaesthetic agent with analgesic properties at lower doses.
Exact mechanism of action is unclear, but primarily works as an antagonist at N-methyl-D-aspartate
(NMDA) receptors. Ketamine may also interact with opioid, muscarinic and other receptors. Produces
a trance-like dissociative state with amnesia, with preservation of laryngeal and pharyngeal reflexes.

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12
Q

Lidocaine (Lignocaine)

A

Sodium channel blocker – interrupts impulse conduction in peripheral nerves and stabilises excitable
cell membranes

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13
Q

Lidocaine (Lignocaine) – AVOID-2

A

Sodium channel blocker – interrupts impulse conduction in peripheral nerves and stabilises excitable
cell membranes

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14
Q

Methoxyflurane

A

Inhalational analgesic agent at low concentrations

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15
Q

Midazolam

ASA

A 
Short acting CNS depressant
Actions:
Anxiolytic
Sedative
Anti-convulsant
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16
Q

Morphine

A

An opioid analgesic
Actions:

CNS effects:
C - Cough reflex depression
A - Addiction/Dependence
R - Resp Depression
D - Depression to Analgesia
S - Stimulation (changes of mood, euphoria or dysphoria, vomiting, pinpoint pupils)

Cardiovascular effects:
Vasodilatation
Decreases conduction velocity through the A-V Node

17
Q

Naloxone

A

An opioid antagonist
Actions:
Prevents or reverses the effects of opioids

18
Q

Olanzapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic – antagonist at multiple receptor sites, particularly
serotonin (5-HT), dopamine, and histamine

19
Q

Ondansetron

A

Anti-emetic
Actions:
5HT3 antagonist which blocks receptors both centrally and peripherally

20
Q

Oxytocin

A

A synthetic oxytocic
Actions:
Stimulates smooth muscle of the uterus producing contractions

21
Q

Paracetamol

A

An analgesic and antipyretic agent
Actions:
Exact mechanism of action unclear; thought to inhibit prostaglandin
synthesis in the CNS

22
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

An anti-emetic
Actions:
Acts on several central neuro-transmitter systems

23
Q

Salbutamol

A

A synthetic beta adrenergic stimulant with primarily beta 2 effects
Actions:
Causes bronchodilatation

24
Q

Tenecteplase

A

Fibrinolytic, a modified form of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) that binds to
fibrin and converts plasminogen to plasmin

Drugs (7 decks)

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