Pharmacology Flashcards
Adrenaline
4 B1
1 B2
1 A
A naturally occurring alpha and beta-adrenergic stimulant
Actions:
Increases HR by increasing SA node firing rate (Beta 1)
Increases conduction velocity through the A-V node (Beta 1)
Increases myocardial contractility (Beta 1)
Increases the irritability of the ventricles (Beta 1)
Causes bronchodilatation (Beta 2)
Causes peripheral vasoconstriction (Alpha)
Aspirin
An analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet aggregation agent
Actions:
To minimise platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in order to retard
the progression of coronary artery thrombosis in ACS
Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins - anti-inflammatory actions
Ceftriaxone
Cephalosporin antibiotic
Dexamethasone
A corticosteroid secreted by the adrenal cortex
Actions:
Relieves inflammatory reactions
Provides immunosuppression
Dextrose 10%
A slightly hypertonic crystalloid solution Composition: Sugar – 10% dextrose Water Actions: Provides a source of energy Supplies body water
Fentanyl
DRD D
A synthetic opioid analgesic Actions: CNS effects: Depression – leading to analgesia Respiratory depression – leading to apnoea Dependence (addiction) Cardiovascular effects: Decreases conduction velocity through the A-V node
Glucagon
A hormone normally secreted by the pancreas
Actions:
Causes an increase in blood glucose concentration by converting stored
liver glycogen to glucose
Glyceryl Trinitrate
2 Actions
5 Effects
Principally, a vascular smooth muscle relaxant
Actions:
- Venous dilatation –> venous pooling + reduces venous return = reduces preload
- Arterial dilatation –> reduces systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure = reduces afterload
Effects:
- ↓ myocardial oxygen demand
- ↓ SBP, DBP, MAP
- Mild collateral coronary arterial dilatation may improve blood supply to ischaemic areas to the myocardium
- Mild tachy secondary to slight ↓ in SBP
- Preterm labour: Uterine quiescence in pregnancy
(Quiscene - means dormant or quiet)
Heparin
Anticoagulant
Inactivates clotting factors IIa (thrombin) and Xa by binding to antithrombin III
Ipratropium Bromide
Anticholinergic bronchodilator
Actions:
Allows bronchodilatation by inhibiting cholinergic bronchomotor tone (i.e.
blocks vagal reflexes which mediate bronchoconstriction)
Ketamine
Anaesthetic agent with analgesic properties at lower doses.
Exact mechanism of action is unclear, but primarily works as an antagonist at N-methyl-D-aspartate
(NMDA) receptors. Ketamine may also interact with opioid, muscarinic and other receptors. Produces
a trance-like dissociative state with amnesia, with preservation of laryngeal and pharyngeal reflexes.
Lidocaine (Lignocaine)
Sodium channel blocker – interrupts impulse conduction in peripheral nerves and stabilises excitable
cell membranes
Lidocaine (Lignocaine) – AVOID-2
Sodium channel blocker – interrupts impulse conduction in peripheral nerves and stabilises excitable
cell membranes
Methoxyflurane
Inhalational analgesic agent at low concentrations
Midazolam
ASA
Short acting CNS depressant Actions: Anxiolytic Sedative Anti-convulsant
Morphine
An opioid analgesic
Actions:
CNS effects: C - Cough reflex depression A - Addiction/Dependence R - Resp Depression D - Depression to Analgesia S - Stimulation (changes of mood, euphoria or dysphoria, vomiting, pinpoint pupils)
Cardiovascular effects:
Vasodilatation
Decreases conduction velocity through the A-V Node
Naloxone
An opioid antagonist
Actions:
Prevents or reverses the effects of opioids
Olanzapine
Atypical antipsychotic – antagonist at multiple receptor sites, particularly
serotonin (5-HT), dopamine, and histamine
Ondansetron
Anti-emetic
Actions:
5HT3 antagonist which blocks receptors both centrally and peripherally
Oxytocin
A synthetic oxytocic
Actions:
Stimulates smooth muscle of the uterus producing contractions
Paracetamol
An analgesic and antipyretic agent
Actions:
Exact mechanism of action unclear; thought to inhibit prostaglandin
synthesis in the CNS
Prochlorperazine
An anti-emetic
Actions:
Acts on several central neuro-transmitter systems
Salbutamol
A synthetic beta adrenergic stimulant with primarily beta 2 effects
Actions:
Causes bronchodilatation
Tenecteplase
Fibrinolytic, a modified form of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) that binds to
fibrin and converts plasminogen to plasmin
