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CLASP: MFE > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what environment do acidic drugs require for absorption?

A

acidic

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2
Q

what environment do basic drugs require for absorption?

A

basic

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3
Q

why do the elderly have increased gastric pH?

A

decreased small bowel SA due to decline in gastrin cells

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4
Q

what does the increased gastric pH do to absorption of drugs?

A

more basic drug absorption (opioid-induced confusion)

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5
Q

what protein binds acidic drugs?

A

albumin (basic)

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6
Q

what protein binds basic drugs?

A

alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (acidic)

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7
Q

changes with lipophilic drug distribution?

A

increased fat to muscle ratio so longer half-life

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8
Q

what does decreased body water in the elderly cause?

A

decreased VD for hydrophilic drugs

poorer renal function

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9
Q

what can cause problems with metabolism and excretion of drugs?

A

reduced hepatic and liver function

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10
Q

drugs with narrow therapeutic indices

A 
theophylline
warfarin
lithium
digoxin
gentamicin
vancomycin
phenytoin
cyclosporin
carbamazepine
levothyroxine
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11
Q

what should be given with opioids to reduce side effects?

A

begin laxatives prophylactically

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12
Q

adverse of steroids in elderly

A

OP

steroid-induced diabetes

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13
Q

what interferes with absorption of levothyroxine?

A

calcium

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14
Q

adverse of NSAIDs

A

GI haemorrhage
decline in GFR
decrease effectiveness of diuretics
anti-hypertensives

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15
Q

which drugs impair psychomotor function causing falls and confusion?

A

opioids

BZDs

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16
Q

risk in the elderly when using antibiotics

A

C. diff

17
Q

polypharmacy principles

A 
regular review
discontinue unnecessary (many should be used for a limited time e.g. laxatives)
avoid treating side effects with more drugs
18
Q

what is the STOPP-START tool?

A

prescribing tool for >65

19
Q

short term anticholinergic effects

A 
confusion
hallucinations
tachycardia
blurred vision
urinary retention
constipation
dizziness
20
Q

long-term side effects of anticholinergics

A

dementia (increased risk)

21
Q

what is anticholinergic burden?

A

there are many drugs with anticholinergic properties

CLASP: MFE (9 decks)

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