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Cardio > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What does adenosine do?

A

Slows cardiac conduction by interrupting AVN, causes asystole and so is quite scary

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2
Q

How is adenosine given?

A

Rapid bolus via large proximal cannula due to short half life and needing to reach heart, flushed fast straight after in 6mg then 12mg steps

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3
Q

What are the CI to adenosine?

A 
asthma
COPD
HF
heart block
severe hypotension
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4
Q

Give examples of loop diuretics

A

furosemide and bumetanide

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5
Q

What can be the SE of furosemide

A

hypotension, low Na and K

ototoxicity

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6
Q

What is the conversion rate between furosemide and bumetanide?

A

1mg bumetanide = 40mg furosemide

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7
Q

Give an example of an aldosterone antagonist

A

spironolactone

amiloride

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8
Q

SE of spironolactone

A

gynaecomastia

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9
Q

Example of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretic

A

bendroflumethazide
metolazone
like = indapamide

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10
Q

Mx of HF with reduced ejection fraction?

A

BB
ACE-i
spironolactone or other MRA

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11
Q

What causes a cough in ACE-i use?

A

bradykinin

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12
Q

SE of ACE-i use?

A

cough
high potassium
red eGFR due to dilation of efferent arteriole

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13
Q

What shouldn’t be prescribed with BB?

A

Rate limiting CCB eg verapamil or diltiazem

induces HF as both negatively inotropic

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14
Q

inotrope vs chronotrope?

A

Inotropic are medicines that alter the force or energy of heart’s muscular contraction.

Chronotropic are drugs or medicines that change the heart rate and rhythm by affecting the electrical conduction system of the heart and the nerves that influence it.

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15
Q

What do alpha-1 receptor anagonists do? (type 2 clinically unhelpful)

A

Relax smooth muscle of the arterioles (decreases peripheral resistance) and bladder/ prostate

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16
Q

What are the two types of adrenergic receptors?

A

alpha (2 types) and beta (3 types)

17
Q

Examples of alpha-1 receptor anagonists

A

doxazosin
tamsulosin
-osins

18
Q

What do beta blockers do?

A

Counter the effects of chatelocholmines like adrenaline

19
Q

Give an example of non-selective beta blockers

A

propranolol - lipid soluble so can move through BBB

timolol - reduces intra-ocular pressure

20
Q

Examples of B-1/ cardioselective beta blockers

A

atenolol
bisoprolol
metoprolol

21
Q

Give some examples of 3rd gen beta blockers, how do they work?

A

labetolol
carvedilol
Block beta receptors and alpha-1 receptors to cause vasodilation

22
Q

What do alpha-1 receptors do?

A

activate sympathetic NS eg vasoconstrict, urinary retention, glycogenlysis

23
Q

What do beta receptors do?

A

beta 1: Increase HR< contractility and AV conduction, increase renin release and BP

beta 2: bronchodilation, decreased GI motility, vasodilation

beta 3: lipolysis and bladder relaxation

24
Q

What are the different Von Williams classifications of anti-arrthymic drugs?

A 
I- sodium channel blocker
II- beta blocker
III-potassium blocker
VI-CCB
other
25
Q

Which Von Williams classifications are negative inotropes?

A

sodium channel blockers; beta blockers

26
Q

What are examples of type I Von Williams drugs? Where do they act?

A

flecainide and lidocaine

Ventricles

27
Q

What are examples of type II Von Williams drugs? Where do they act?

A

bisoprolol, metoprolol, propranolol

SAN/ AVN

28
Q

What are examples of type III Von Williams drugs? Where do they act?

A

Amiodarone

Ventricles

29
Q

What are examples of type IV Von Williams drugs? Where do they act?

A

Verapamil, diltiazem

AVN

30
Q

What are examples of other Von Williams drugs? Where do they act?

A

Adenosine, digoxin

AVN

31
Q

In what acute situations is DC cardioversion (properfol) shock needed?

A

pt in shock / MI/ acute HF/ syncope

32
Q

What is the mx of unstable VT?

A

direct current cardioversion -> amiodarone -> flecainide-> lidocaine

33
Q

When should you give a beta blocker in an acute situation?

A

Pt has fast HR

34
Q

What two von-williams drugs anti-arrythmic drugs and CI together?

A

CCB and BB

35
Q

acute mx of AF?

A

CCB/ digoxin

36
Q

When is adenosine indicated?

A

hyperventilated + narrow complex SVT

Cardio (5 decks)

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