Pharmacology Flashcards
is pred acetate hydrophobic or hydrophilic? what is it indicated for?
hydrophobic
good penetration in uninflamed cornea
post operative
is pred phosphate hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
what is it used for?
hydrophilic
poor penetration in uninflamed cornea and good for surface inflammation
corneal disease when low dose steroid needed
how can BAC be used in drug delivery
effective preservative and can break down lipid layer to aid drug delivery to eye
besides drug delivery, what else may BAC be used in
lower IOP in glaucoma
how may systemic absorption of ocular drugs occur and how can this be prevented
tears are pumped out of lacrimal sac and into nasopharynx
punctual occlusion helps to reduce
when are topical steroids used in ophthalmology
post op cataract, uveitis, corneal graft rejection, temporal arteritis
side effects of topical steroids
cararact
glaucoma
corneal melt in viral infection
when may antihistamines and mast cell stabilisers be used
allergic conjunctavitis
first line management of glaucoma
iatanoprost
second line add on with iatanoprost for glaucoma
beta blockerds
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
third line therapies for glaucoma
pilocarpine - 4x daily, night blind
brimonidine, red eye and contraindicated in children
consequences of intra-vitreal injection
infection, retinal tear/piercing
how do anaesthetic eye drops work and when are they used
block Na channels to impede nerve transmission
FB removal, tonometry, corneal scrape, cataract surgery, comfort
what disgnostic dye is most commonly used and what is it often used for
fluroescein
corneal abrasion, dendritic ulcers, identify leaks
nasolacrimal duct obstruction
what drug may lead to maculopathy
chloroquine
hydroxychloroquine may but unknown
