Pharmacology

Question 1

Name 3 Drugs that follow zero order elimination

Answer 1

Phenytoin
Ethanol
Aspirin

Question 2

A partial agonist that activates beta receptors to a lesser degree than norepinephrine (name 2 drugs)

Answer 2

Pindolol

Acebutolol

Question 3

Pindolol/acebutolol adverse effect

Answer 3

Angina

Question 4

A partial mu-opioid agonist that is used to treat opioid dependence

Answer 4

Buprenorphine

Question 5

Partial agonist of estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus that blocks the negative feedback and increases LH and FSH
Amd is used to treat infertility/PCOS

Answer 5

Clomiphene

Question 6

Enzyme inhibitor that increases Km but Vmax stays the same

Answer 6

Competitive inhibitor

Question 7

Enzyme inhibitor that reduces Vmax but Km stays the same

Answer 7

Non-competitive inhibitor

Question 8

Increases the ED50 but the drug can still reach the Emax when increasing its dose

Answer 8

Competitive antagonist

Question 9

If a non-competitive antagonist was added to an agonist, what will happen to:
Emax
ED50

Answer 9

E max will be reduced

Ed50 is the same

Question 10

What is the explanation of having a low dose of non-competitive antagonist added to an agonist but the maximum effect did not change?

Answer 10

This means activation of spare receptors

Question 11

Mention 4 drugs that have a low therapeutic index

Answer 11

Warfarin
Digoxin
Lithium
Theophylline

Question 12

What will you give a patient who overdosed on phenobarbital or aspirin ?

Answer 12

Give sodiun bicarbonates bcz we want to alkalinize the urine (to allow these weak acid drugs to dissociate and be excreted)

Question 13

What drugs will you give ammonia chloride to increase their elimination?

Answer 13

Amphetamines
Quinidine
Phencyclidine

Question 14

Statin + cyclosporine

Answer 14

Rhabdomyolysis as the cyclosporine is a cyp450 inhibitor leading to increase in statin

Question 15

Warfarin+azole antigungal/macrolides

Answer 15

Increased INR (inhibition of CYP 450)

Question 16

Chronic ethanol effect on p450

Answer 16

Inducer

Question 17

Rifampin & p450

Answer 17

Inducer

Question 18

Isoniazid & p450

Answer 18

Inhibitor

Question 19

Erythromycin and p450

Answer 19

Inhibitor

Question 20

Cimetidine and p450

Answer 20

Inhibitor

Question 21

Phenobarbital and p450

Answer 21

Inducer

Question 22

Carbamazepine and p450

Answer 22

Inducer

Question 23

Azoles and p450

Answer 23

Inhibitor

Question 24

Ritonavir (HIV) and cyp450

Answer 24

Inhibitor

Question 25

Griseofulvin and cyp450

Answer 25

Inducer

Question 26

Phenytoin and cyp450

Answer 26

Inducer

Question 27

Grapefruit juice and cyp450

Answer 27

Inhibitor

Question 28

Acetylation is important for:

Answer 28

Isoniazid Sulfasalazine Procainamide and hydralazine (drug-induced lupus)

Question 29

What is the significance of morphine having a flow-dependent elimination?

Answer 29

Patients with heart failure will have reduced clearance

Question 30

What is the dose of the drug to be given to a patient if you knew that the effective concentration of this drug = 10mg/L and the Vd for it = 10L

Answer 30

100 mg

Question 31

What drug is restricted to the vascular compartment and has a Vd=9.8 L?

Answer 31

Warfarin

Question 32

What drug accumulates in tissues with a Vd of 13000L

Answer 32

Cloroquine

Question 33

Protein binding & Vd

Answer 33

Protein binding reduces Vd

Question 34

Hypoalbuminemia effect on warfarin

Answer 34

Less bound, more free, more peripheral tissue distribution and side effects (May also have increased metabolism)