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USMLE Step 1 B&B > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Name 3 Drugs that follow zero order elimination

A

Phenytoin
Ethanol
Aspirin

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2
Q

A partial agonist that activates beta receptors to a lesser degree than norepinephrine (name 2 drugs)

A

Pindolol

Acebutolol

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3
Q

Pindolol/acebutolol adverse effect

A

Angina

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4
Q

A partial mu-opioid agonist that is used to treat opioid dependence

A

Buprenorphine

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5
Q

Partial agonist of estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus that blocks the negative feedback and increases LH and FSH
Amd is used to treat infertility/PCOS

A

Clomiphene

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6
Q

Enzyme inhibitor that increases Km but Vmax stays the same

A

Competitive inhibitor

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7
Q

Enzyme inhibitor that reduces Vmax but Km stays the same

A

Non-competitive inhibitor

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8
Q

Increases the ED50 but the drug can still reach the Emax when increasing its dose

A

Competitive antagonist

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9
Q

If a non-competitive antagonist was added to an agonist, what will happen to:
Emax
ED50

A

E max will be reduced

Ed50 is the same

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10
Q

What is the explanation of having a low dose of non-competitive antagonist added to an agonist but the maximum effect did not change?

A

This means activation of spare receptors

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11
Q

Mention 4 drugs that have a low therapeutic index

A

Warfarin
Digoxin
Lithium
Theophylline

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12
Q

What will you give a patient who overdosed on phenobarbital or aspirin ?

A

Give sodiun bicarbonates bcz we want to alkalinize the urine (to allow these weak acid drugs to dissociate and be excreted)

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13
Q

What drugs will you give ammonia chloride to increase their elimination?

A

Amphetamines
Quinidine
Phencyclidine

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14
Q

Statin + cyclosporine

A

Rhabdomyolysis as the cyclosporine is a cyp450 inhibitor leading to increase in statin

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15
Q

Warfarin+azole antigungal/macrolides

A

Increased INR (inhibition of CYP 450)

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16
Q

Chronic ethanol effect on p450

A

Inducer

17
Q

Rifampin & p450

A

Inducer

18
Q

Isoniazid & p450

A

Inhibitor

19
Q

Erythromycin and p450

A

Inhibitor

20
Q

Cimetidine and p450

A

Inhibitor

21
Q

Phenobarbital and p450

A

Inducer

22
Q

Carbamazepine and p450

A

Inducer

23
Q

Azoles and p450

A

Inhibitor

24
Q

Ritonavir (HIV) and cyp450

A

Inhibitor

25
Q

Griseofulvin and cyp450

A

Inducer

26
Q

Phenytoin and cyp450

A

Inducer

27
Q

Grapefruit juice and cyp450

A

Inhibitor

28
Q

Acetylation is important for:

A

Isoniazid
Sulfasalazine

Procainamide and hydralazine (drug-induced lupus)

29
Q

What is the significance of morphine having a flow-dependent elimination?

A

Patients with heart failure will have reduced clearance

30
Q

What is the dose of the drug to be given to a patient if you knew that the effective concentration of this drug = 10mg/L and the Vd for it = 10L

A

100 mg

31
Q

What drug is restricted to the vascular compartment and has a Vd=9.8 L?

A

Warfarin

32
Q

What drug accumulates in tissues with a Vd of 13000L

A

Cloroquine

33
Q

Protein binding & Vd

A

Protein binding reduces Vd

34
Q

Hypoalbuminemia effect on warfarin

A

Less bound, more free, more peripheral tissue distribution and side effects
(May also have increased metabolism)

USMLE Step 1 B&B (1 decks)

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