Pharmacology

Question 1

Rivaroxaban and apixaban MoA?

Answer 1

factor Xa inhibitors

It’s in the name - ‘XaBan’

Question 2

Warfarin

1. Inhibits synthesis of what in the liver?
2. In acute setting, ___ can reverse anticoagulation induced by warfarin
3. Alternatively, IV __ __ can normalise coagulation within approx. 12 hours

Answer 2

1. vitamin K dependent clotting factor (II, VII, IX, X)
2. FFP
3. vit K

Question 3

Name

1. The prototypical inhalational GA
2. The IV GA of choice

Answer 3

1. Isoflurane
2. Propofol

Question 4

T/F: Most GAs are not analgesic

Answer 4

True - GAs are used to induce and maintain unconsciousness

Question 5

Morphine. What contributes to its

1. abuse potential
2. associated N&V

Answer 5

1. also stimulates dopamine release in the reward pathway
2. causes mast cell degranulation leading to histamine release

Question 6

T/F: Often more than a single antiemetic is required in the treatment of PONV

Answer 6

true - can be minimized using a combo of drugs including 5HT3 antagonists, steroids (dexamethasone), phenothiazines and antihistamines

Question 7

what is Mendelson syndrome

Answer 7

aspiration pneumonia caused by aspiration during anaesthesia

Question 8

Salbutamol can cause HYPO/HYPERkalaemia

Answer 8

Stimulation of Na+/K+ATPase results in shift of K into cells which can cause hypokalaemia