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Pharmacology Basics > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

2
Q

Midazolam (Versed)

A 
Benzodiazepine
Uses: Anxiolysis, Sedation, amnesia
Supplied 1 mg/mL
Dose Sedation: 1-2.5 mg IV
Dose PO: 0.5 mg/kg
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3
Q

Morphine

A

Supplied: 10mg/mLOnset: 15-30 minutes
Duration: 3-6 hours
Dose Intraoperative: 0.1-1mg/kg (IV)
Dose Postoperative: 0.03-0.15 mg/kg (IV)

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4
Q

Fentanyl

A 
Supplied: 50 mcg/mL
Peak Effect: 3-5 minutes
Duration: 30-60 minutes
Dose Low: 1-2 mcg/kg
Dose Moderate: 2-20 mcg/kg
Infusion: 1-2mcg/kg/hr
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5
Q

Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)

A 
Use: Analgesia
Supplied: 2mg ampule
Dose: 0.5-2mg
Onset: 5 minutes
Duration: 3-6 hours
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6
Q

Naloxone (narcan)

A

Use: overdose, respiratory depression
Supplied: 0.4 mg vial
Dose: 1-4 mcg/kg

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7
Q

Meperidine (Demerol)

A

Use: analgesia, Post-op shivering
Supplied: 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%
Dose: periop analgesia: 75-100mg IV
Post-op Shivering 12.5-25 mg IV

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8
Q

Propofol (Diprivan)

A 
Class: Diisopropylphenol
Use: Induction, Sedation, MAC
Supplied: 10mg/mL (1%)
Dose Induction: 1.0-2.5 mg/kg
Dose Infusion: 25-200 mcg/kg/min
Cautions:
Use within 6 hours, soy or egg allergy, HYPOTENSION
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9
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)

A 
Use: Induction/hypnosis
Supplied: 2mg/mL (35% propylene glycol)
Dose: 0.2 - 0.3 mg/kg
CARDIOVASCULAR STABILITY
Caution:
Pain on injection, myoclonus, PONV
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10
Q

Lidocaine

A

Class: Amide
Use: Local anesthesia, cough, inhalation, cardiac arrythmias
Supplied: 0.5-5%
Dose: IV Induction (0.5-1mg/kg)

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11
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)

A 
Class: Phencyclidine (PCP Derivative)
Use: Induction, analgesia, amnesia
Supplied: 10, 50, 100 mg/mL
Dose Analgesia 0.2-0.5 mg/kg
Dose Induction 1-2mg/kg IV
Dose Induction 4-8mg/kg IM
Emergence Delirium
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12
Q

Succinylcholine (Anectine)

A 
Class: Depolarizing NMBD
Use: Intubation, Paralysis, Laryngospasm
Supplied: 20 mg/mL
Onset: 30 seconds
Dose:  
Intubation: 1-2mg/Kg
Laryngospasm: 0.1 mg /kg IV
Duration: 3-5 minutes
Fasciculations (5-10 mg of Roc prevent)
Malignant Hyperthermia
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13
Q

Rocuronium (Zemuron)

A 
Class: Aminosteroid, non-depolarizing
Use: Paralysis, RSI
Supplied: 10mg/mL
Onset: 1-2 minutes (as short as 30 sec at high conc)
Duration: 20-35 minutes
Metabolism: Liver and Kidneys
Dose
Intubation: 0.6 - 1.2 mg/kg
Maintenance: 0.1 mg/kg
Infusion: 5-12 mcg/kg/min
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14
Q

Vecuronium (Norcuron)

A 
Class: Aminosteroid, non-depolarizing
Use: Paralysis
Supplied:10mg powder reconstituted to 1 mg/ml
Onset: 3-5 minutes
Duration: 20-35 minutes
Metabolism: Liver and Kidneys
Dose
Intubation: 0.08-0.12mg/kg
Infusion: 1-2mcg/kg/min
Maintenance 0.01 mg/kg
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15
Q

Cisatracurium (Nimbex)

A 
Class: Benzyl isoquinolinium,non-depolarizing
Use: Paralysis
Supplied: 20 mg vial ( 2 mg/mL)
Dose:
Intubation		0.1-0.15 mg/kg
Infusion 		1-2 mcg/kg/min
GOOD FOR RENAL/HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION
Onset 3-5 minutes
Duration 20-35 minutes
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16
Q

Neostigmine

A 
Class: Anticholinesterase
Use: NMB reversal
Supplied: 1mg/mL (0.5 mg/mL)
Dose: 0.04-0.07 mg/Kg
Caution: BLUDS
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17
Q

Atropine

A 
Class: Anticholinergic
Use: Bradycardia, NMB reversal
Supplied: 0.4, 0.5, 1 mg/mL
Dose:
IM 0.01-0.02 mg/Kg (up to 0.4-0.6 mg)
Bradycardia: 0.4-0.6 mg (up to 3 mg)
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18
Q

Isoflurane

A 
Highly Potent
A/W Irritant
Min Metabolism- 0.2%
CV Changes- minimal at 1 MAC
MAC = 1.1%
Vapor Pressure: 238
19
Q

Sevoflurane

A 
Least A/W Irritant
Inhalational induction
Metabolized 2-5%
Compound A 
Renal Tubular Injury
Prompt Recovery
MAC = 2.0%
Vapor Pressure: 157
20
Q

Desflurane

A 
Pungent A/W irritant
Decreased Potency
Prompt Recovery
CO formation
MAC = 6.0%
Vapor Pressure: 669
21
Q

Glycopyrrolate (Robinul)

A 
Class: Anticholinergic
Use: Antisialigogue, NMB reversal
Supplied: 0.2 mg/mL 
Dose:
Pre-med: 0.2 mg IM
Reversal: 0.2 mg per 1 mg Neostigmine
Used with neostigmine because of similar onset and duration times
22
Q

Epinephrine

A 
Class: Catecholamine
Use: Increase HR/BP, Anaphylaxis, bronchospasm 
Supplied: 16 µg/mL syringe;
	       4 µg/mL (1 mg in 250mL)
Dose:
Bolus (8-16mcg)
Small Doses (1-2 µg/min) – β2
Medium Doses(4 µg/min)- β1
Large Doses (10-20 µg/min)- α and β
23
Q

Phenylephrine

A 
Class: Synthetic non-catecholamine
Action: Direct
Stimulates alpha receptors
Use: Increase Blood pressure, nasal decongestant
Supplied: **100mcg/mL (1mg vial)**
Dose:
Bolus: **50-100 mcg**
Infusion: 0.25-1 mcg/kg/min
Caution:
Increased Afterload
Reflex bradycardia
24
Q

Ephedrine

A 
Class: Synthetic non-catecholamine
Action: Direct and Indirect
Stimulated the release of norepinephrine to act on alpha receptors
Use: increase heart rate and blood pressure
Acts on the heart
Supplied **5mg/mL (25 or 50mg in 1 mL)**
Dose: **5-20mg**
Caution:
Tachyphylaxis
Depletion of Norepinephrine
25
Q

Esmolol (Brevibloc)

A 
Class- Cardioselective Beta blocker
Use: Decrease heart rate
Supplied: **100 mg (10 mg/mL in 10 mL)**
Dose: 0.2-0.5 mg/kg
Normal initial dose is 10mg
Decrease HR, Contractility, BP
Onset: 5 minutes
Duration 10-30minutes
Metabolism: Plasma cholinesterases
26
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

A 
Class: Beta-blocker 
Long acting….selective for beta-1 (heart)
Use: Decrease HR
Supplied: 5 mg (1 mg/mL)
Dose: 1-2 mg
Duration can be in hours not minutes
27
Q

Labetalol (normodyne)

A

Class: Mixed antagonist α1, β1, β2
(Beta: Alpha = 7:1)
Use: Control HR and BP
Supplied: 5mg/mL (20 mL vial)
Dose: 0.1-0.25 mg/kg (5mg initial)
Can decrease BP through beta effects on the heart but also through vascular dilation by alpha receptors
Ashtma—B2 antagonist can cause broncho CONSTRICTION

28
Q

Nitroglycerin

A 
Class: Hypotensive agent
Use: Angina, HTN
Supplied: 100 µg/mL
Dose: 
Bolus: 50-100 µg
Infusion: 0.5-10  µg/kg/min
Caution
Principally Venous Dilator
Decreases Ventricular Wall Tension
29
Q

Hydralazine

A 
Class: Hypotensive agent
Use: HTN
Supplied: 20 mg in 1 mL
Dose: 5-20 mg
Onset: 20 minutes
Duration: 6-8 hours
Principal Arterial Dilator
30
Q

Droperidol (inapsine)

A 
Class: Antidopaminergic
Use: Antiemetic
Supplied: 0.3125 mg/mL
Dose: 0.625 mg
Caution:
Parkinsons
Prolonged QT interval
Abnormal EKG
31
Q

Odansetron (zofran)

A 
Class: Serotonin receptor antagonist
Use: Antiemetic
Decreased PONV in susceptible patients
Supplied: 4 mg/2mL
Dose: 4 mg
32
Q

Cefazolin (Ancef)

A

Antibiotic (Cephalosporin)
Derivative of Penicillin
Dose: 1-2g IV
Given within 60 minutes of incision

33
Q

Cefoxitin

A

Antibiotic (Cephalosporin)
More gram negative coverage specific to GI flora
2g IV within 60 minutes

34
Q

Ampicillin

A

Antibiotic Penicillin cross reactive
Subacute bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis (SBE)
Mechanical Heart Valves, Congenital Heart Disease

35
Q

Gentamicin

A 
Antibiotic
Often used with ampicillin for SBE
Common in Urology Cases
Given slowly
Ototoxicity
Can cause deafness (ideally transient)
36
Q

Levaguin

A

Antibiotic
Often used for additional gram negative coverage
Abdominal Cases, ENT involving the mouth

37
Q

Nafcillin

A

Antibiotic Penicillin Cross reactive

Often Used for Neuro Cases

38
Q

Vancomycin

A

90kg 1.5g IV given over one hour
Increases risk of VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococci)
Used as broad spectrum treatment against over hospital acquired infections due to drug resistant bacteria
Given slowly over one hour to prevent Redman Syndrome where too much histamine is released causing hypotension and flushing of the torso

39
Q

Clindamycin

A

Dose: 600 or 900mg IV
Usually first choice for somebody with PCN allergy
Redose every 6 hours (q6h)

40
Q

Pancuronium

A 
Non-Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker
Can cause Tachycardia
Initial Dose: 0.06-0.1mg/kg
pH is 4 ish
Provided 1-2mg/mL
Duration: 60-90 minutes
41
Q

Pancuronium

A 
Non-Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker
Can cause Tachycardia
Initial Dose: 0.06-0.1mg/kg
pH is 4 ish
Provided 2mg/mL
Duration: 60-90 minutes

Pharmacology Basics (1 decks)

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