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Step Master Deck > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

ivabradine: MOA

A

selectively inhibits “funny” sodium channels ->

prolongs slow depolarization

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2
Q

indomethacin: class

A

NSAID

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3
Q

cefotaxime: class

A

beta-lactam

(3rd generation cephalosporin)

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4
Q

class IC antiarrhymics: effect on AP duration

A

minimal/no effect

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5
Q

polymyxins

A

colistin

polymyxin B

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6
Q

ofloxacin: class

A

fluoroquinolone

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7
Q

flumazenil: AEs

A

seizures

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8
Q

loperamide: AEs

A

constipation

nausea

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9
Q

natural penicillins: AEs

A

hypersensitivity reactions

direct Coombs + hemolytic anemia

drug-induced interstitial nephritis

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10
Q

antipseudomonal penicillins: AEs

A

hypersensitivity reactions

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11
Q

sulfonamides: MOA

A

inhibit dihydropteroate synthase ->

inhibit folate synthesis

(bacteriostatic)

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12
Q

lithium: class

A

mood stabilizer

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13
Q

oxybutynin: clinical use

A

overactive bladder

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14
Q

risperidone: class

A

atypical antipsychotic

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15
Q

orlistat: AEs

A

steatorrhea

decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

abdominal pain

flatulence

bowel urgency

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16
Q

daptomycin: clinical sue

A

S aureus skin infections

S aureus bacteremia

S aureus endocarditis

VRE

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17
Q

N-acetylcysteine: MOA

A

disrupts disulfide bonds ->

liquifies mucus in lungs

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18
Q

milrinone: clinical use

A

acute decompensated HF with cardiogenic shock

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19
Q

sulfonamides

A

sulfamethoxazole

sulfisoxazole

sulfadiazine

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20
Q

levetiracetam: AEs

A

irritability

drowsiness

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21
Q

beta blockers: AEs

A

contraindicated in asthma/COPD

contraindicated in diabetes

fainting

lightheadedness

fatigue

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22
Q

LABA: MOA

A

agonist of beta-2 adrenergic receptors ->

relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

LONG-ACTING

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23
Q

antipseudomonal penicillins: clinical use

A

hospitalized patients with:

sepsis

pneumonia

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24
Q

adenosine: MOA

A

increase K out of cells ->

hyperpolarizes cells ->

decreases AV node conduction

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25
Q

lithium: clinical use

A

bipolar depression

acute manic episodes

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26
Q

trimethoprim: clinical use

A

(used in combination with sulfonamides)

UTI

shigella, salmonella, pneumocystis jiroveci treatment/prophylaxis

toxoplasmosis prophylaxis

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27
Q

spironolactone: clinical use

A

hyperaldosteronism

K depletion

HF

hepatic ascites

antiandrogen

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28
Q

paroxetine: class

A

SSRI

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29
Q

gabapentin: MOA

A

inhibits voltage-activated Ca channels

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30
Q

omeprazole: class

A

proton pump inhibitor

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31
Q

ceftaroline: class

A

beta-lactam

(5th generation cephalosporin)

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32
Q

lansoprazole: class

A

proton pump inhibitor

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33
Q

scopolamine: class

A

muscarinic antagonist

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34
Q

sulfasalazine: MOA

A

combination of sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (anti-inflammatory) that is activated by colonic bacteria

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35
Q

ranolazine: clinical use

A

angina refractory to other therapies

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36
Q

triamterene: class

A

K-sparing diuretic

(ENaC inhibitor)

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37
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins

A

cefuroxime (oral)

cefoxitin (IV)

cefotetan (IV)

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38
Q

cholestyramine: class

A

bile acid resin

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39
Q

atropine: clinical use

A

antidote to anticholinesterase poisoning

GI spasms

decrease bronchial secretions

increase HR in anesthesia

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40
Q

tadalafil: class

A

PDE-5 inhibitor

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41
Q

risedronate: class

A

bisphosphonate

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42
Q

lovastatin: class

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

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43
Q

acetaminophen toxicity antidote

A

N-acetylcysteine

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44
Q

enalapril: class

A

ACE inhibitor

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45
Q

dipyridamole: class

A

PDE-based platelet inhibitor

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46
Q

bisphosphonates: AEs

A

esophagitis

osteonecrosis of jaw

atypical femoral stress fractures

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47
Q

antipseudomonal penicillins

A

piperacillin

ticarcillin

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48
Q

ibutilide: clinical use

A

atrial fibrillation/flutter

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49
Q

glycopyrrolate: class

A

muscarinic antagonist

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50
Q

nebivolol: class

A

beta-1 blocker + NO potentiator

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51
Q

ethosuximide: AEs

A

GI distress

fatigue

headache

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52
Q

flecainide: class

A

class IC antiarrhythmic

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53
Q

ceftaroline: clinical use

A

MRSA

VRSA

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54
Q

amiloride: clinical use

A

K depletion

HF

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

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55
Q

azithromycin: class

A

protein synthesis inhibitor

(macrolide)

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56
Q

pindolol: class

A

nonselective beta partial agonist

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57
Q

ondansetron: AEs

A

headache

constipation

QT prolongation

serotonin syndrome

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58
Q

famotidine: class

A

histamine-2 blocker

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59
Q

nitroprusside: MOA

A

increases cGMP via direct release of NO

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60
Q

carbamazepine: MOA

A

blocks Na channels

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61
Q

ACE inhibitors: MOA

A

inhibit angiotension converting enzyme ->

decrease angiogensin II ->

decrease GFR by preventing constriction of effertent arteriole ->

increase renin dur to loss of negative feedback

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62
Q

metoprolol: clinical use

A

Good for beta-blockade in asthmatics

hypertension

angina

supraventricular/ventricular arrhythmias

heart failure

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63
Q

cilostazol: clinical use

A

claudication

stroke prevention

prevention of coronary stent restenosis

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64
Q

PDE-5 inhibitors: AEs

A

facial flushing

headache

dyspepsia

hypotension (with nitrates)

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65
Q

carvedilol: clinical use

A

heart failure

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66
Q

metoprolol: class

A

beta-1 blocker

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67
Q

phenytoin: clinical use

A

first-line for status epilepticus

first-line for generalized seizures

partial (focal) seizures

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68
Q

torsemide: class

A

sulfonamide loop diuretic

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69
Q

eplerenone: clinical use

A

hyperaldosteronism

K depletion

HF

antiandrogen

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70
Q

class IV antiarrhythmics: MOA

A

decrease conduction velocity

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71
Q

aspirin: AEs

A

gastric ulceration

tinnitus

allergic reactions (pts w/ asthma or nasal polyps)

chronic use -> AKI, interstitial nephritis, GI bleeding

Reye syndrome in children w/ viral infection

metabolic acidosis / respiratory alkalosis

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72
Q

cromolyn: clinical use

A

rarely used in asthma

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73
Q

nicardipine: clinical use

A

HTN

stable/unstable angina

vasospastic angina

Raynaud phenomenon

hypertensive urgency/emergency

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74
Q

ceftriaxone: class

A

beta-lactam

(3rd generation cephalosporin)

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75
Q

oxazepam: clinical use

A

anxiety

alcohol withdrawal in liver disese

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76
Q

magnesium hydroxide: class

A

antacid

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77
Q

cromolyn: MOA

A

prevents mast cell degranulation

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78
Q

betaxolol: class

A

beta-1 blocker

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79
Q

class IA antiarrhythmics: clinical use

A

atrial and ventricular arrhythmias (particularly re-entrant and ectopic SVT and VT)

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80
Q

salmeterol: class

A

long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA)

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81
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: AEs

A

hepatotoxicity

myopathy

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82
Q

dapsone: clinical use

A

leprosy

pneumocystis jiroveci prophylaxis

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83
Q

beta-lactams: MOA

A

binds penicillin-binding protein ->

blocks peptidoglycan cross-linking in bacterial cell wall

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84
Q

ACE inhibitors: contraindications

A

pregnancy

C1 esterase deficiency

used w/ caution in bilateral renal artery stenosis

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85
Q

bisphosphonates: MOA

A

pyrophosphate analog ->

bind hydroxyapatite in bone ->

inhibits osteoclast activity

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86
Q

leflunomide: clinical use

A

rheumatoid arthritis

psoriatic arthritis

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87
Q

loperamide: clinical use

A

diarrhea

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88
Q

polymyxins: AEs

A

nephrotoxicity

neurotoxicity (slurred speech, weakness, paresthesias)

respiratory failure

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89
Q

citalopram: class

A

SSRI

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90
Q

mannitol: MOA

A

increases tubular fluid osmolarity in PCT ->

increases urine flow

also decreases intracranial and intraocular pressure

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91
Q

atropine: class

A

muscarinic antagonist

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92
Q

cefuroxime: clinical use

A

otitis media

UTI in children

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93
Q

ibuprofen: class

A

NSAID

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94
Q

colchicine: AEs

A

GI side effects

neuromyopathic side effects

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95
Q

triamterene: MOA

A

blocks Na channels in cortical collecting tubule

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96
Q

NSAIDs: MOA

A

reversibly inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX1 and 2) ->

block prostaglandin synthesis

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97
Q

colestipol: class

A

bile acid resin

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98
Q
A
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99
Q

aminopenicillins: clinical use

A

otitis media

bacterial sinusitis

meningitis

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100
Q

class IC antiarrhythmics

A

flecainide

propafenone

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101
Q

golimumab: class

A

TNFa inhibitor

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102
Q

aliskiren: MOA

A

direct renin inhibitor ->

blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

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103
Q

ranitidine: class

A

histamine-2 blocker

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104
Q

prazosin: clinical use

A

benign prostatic hypertrophy

hypertension

PTSD

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105
Q

calcium carbonate: AEs

A

hypokalemia

hypercalcemia

rebound increase in stomach acid

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106
Q

bosentan: MOA

A

competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors ->

decreases pulmonary vascular resistance

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107
Q

alprazolam: class

A

benzodiazepine

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108
Q

bethanechol: AEs

A

asthma exacerbation

COPD exacerbation

peptic ulcers

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109
Q

lamotrigine: AEs

A

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

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110
Q

ARBs: MOA

A

selectively block binding of angiotensin II to AT1 receptors ->

decrease GFR by preventing constriction of efferent arterioles ->

increased renin due to loss of negative feedback

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111
Q

histamine-2 blockers

A

cimetidine

ranitidine

famotidine

nizatidine

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112
Q

pentobarbital: class

A

barbiturate

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113
Q

allopurinol: AEs

A

increased concentrations of xanthine oxidase metabolites, azathioprine, and 6-MP

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114
Q

acetazolamide: class

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

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115
Q

benztropine: class

A

muscarinic antagonist

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116
Q

bile acid resins: MOA

A

prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids, required liver to make more, using cholesterol

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117
Q

cefazolin: class

A

beta-lactam

(1st generation cephalosporin)

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118
Q

phenoxybenzamine: class

A

nonselective alpha blocker

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119
Q

natural penicillins: clinical use

A

strep throat

actinomyces

syphilis

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120
Q

levofloxacin: class

A

respiratory fluoroquinolone

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121
Q

sulbactam: class

A

beta-lactamase inhibitor

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122
Q

doxazosin: clinical use

A

benign prostatic hypertrophy

hypertension

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123
Q

class III antiarrhythmics

A

amiodarone

ibutilide

dofetilide

sotalol

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124
Q

ibutilide: class

A

class III antiarrhythmic

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125
Q

montelukast: MOA

A

blocks leukotriene receptors (CysLT1) ->

anti-inflammatory effects

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126
Q

propafenone: class

A

class IC antiarrhythmic

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127
Q

buspirone: clinical use

A

generalized anxiety disorder

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128
Q

penicillin G: class

A

beta-lactam

(natural penicillin)

(beta-lactamase-sensitive)

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129
Q

sacubitril: class

A

neprilysin inhibitor

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130
Q

levetiracetam: class

A

anticonvulsant

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131
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: clinical use

A

hyperlipidemia

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132
Q

tropicamide: class

A

muscarinic antagonist

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133
Q

thiopental: clinical use

A

induction of anesthesia

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134
Q

carbachol: clinical use

A

open-angle glaucoma

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135
Q

ethosuximide: clinical use

A

absence seizures

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136
Q

doxazosin: class

A

alpha-1 blocker

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137
Q

edrophonium: clinical use

A

used to diagnose myasthenia gravis

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138
Q

nafcillin: class

A

beta-lactam

(antistaphylococcal penicillin)

(beta-lactamase resistant)

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139
Q

topiramate: AEs

A

sedation

slowed cognition

memory issues

appetite suppresion and weight loss

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140
Q

class III antiarrhythmics: effect on effective-refractory periods

A

increased ERP

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141
Q

bethanechol: clinical use

A

urinary retention

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142
Q

adenosine: clinical use

A

diagnosing certain forms of SVT

terminating certain forms of SVT

cardiac stress testing

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143
Q

cetirizine: class

A

second generation H1 blocker

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144
Q

histamine-2 blockers: MOA

A

reversibly inhibit histamine H2 receptors ->

decrease H+ secretion from parietal cells in stomach

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145
Q

prostacyclin analogs: AEs

A

flushing

jaw pain

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146
Q

tobramycin: class

A

aminoglycoside

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147
Q

gemifloxacin: class

A

respiratory fluoroquinolone

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148
Q

buspirone: MOA

A

stimulates 5-HT1A receptors

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149
Q

guanfacine: class

A

alpha-2 agonist

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150
Q

olanzapine: AEs

A

metabolic syndrome (weight gain, diabetes, dyslipidemia)

QT prolongation

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151
Q

aminopenicillins

A

amoxicillin

ampicillin

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152
Q

diltiazem: clinical use

A

HTN

stable/unstable angina

atrial fibrillation/flutter

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153
Q

lamotrigine: MOA

A

blocks voltage-gated Na channels

inhibits release of glutamate

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154
Q

PCSK9 inhibitors: clinical use

A

hyperlipidemia

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155
Q

thiazide diuretics: effect on urine Ca

A

decrease

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156
Q

zoledronate: class

A

bisphosphonate

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157
Q

thioridazine: class

A

typical antipsychotic

(low potency)

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158
Q

omalizumab: MOA

A

binds serum IgE ->

anti-inflammatory

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159
Q

roflumilast: AEs

A

abdominal pain

weight loss

depression

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160
Q

fish oil: clinical use

A

hypertriglyceridemia

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161
Q

hypertension: treatment

A

thiazide diuretics

ACE inhibitors

ARBs

dihydropyridine Ca channel blockers

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162
Q

aluminum hydroxide: class

A

antacid

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163
Q

spironolactone: MOA

A

aldosterone receptor antagonist in cortical collecting tubule ->

decreases Na reabsorption and K secretion

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164
Q

macrolides: AEs

A

GI motility issues

QT prolongation

acute cholestatic hepatitis

rash

eosinophilia

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165
Q

dimenhydrinate: class

A

first generation H1 blocker

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166
Q

aminopenicillins: AEs

A

hypersensitivity reactions

rash

pseudomembranous colitis

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167
Q

fexofenadine: class

A

second generation H1 blocker

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168
Q

ARBs: AEs

A

hyperkalemia

decreased GFR

hypotension

teratogen

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169
Q

daptomycin: AEs

A

myopathy

rhabdomyolysis

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170
Q

dapsone: MOA

A

similar to sulfonamides

inhibit dihydropteroate synthase ->

inhibit folate synthesis

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171
Q

pravastatin: class

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

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172
Q

albuterol: clinical use

A

acute exacerbations of asthma (rescue inhaler)

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173
Q

class I antiarrhymics: MOA

A

Na channel blockade ->

decreases slope of phase 0 depolarization

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174
Q

lisinopril: class

A

ACE inhibitor

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175
Q

hypertensive emergency: treatment

A

labetolol (safe in pregnancy)

clevidipine

fenoldopam

nicardipine

nitroprusside

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176
Q

vardenafil: class

A

PDE-5 inhibitor

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177
Q

carbamazepine: metabolism

A

induces CYP450

(decreases levels of other drugs, including itself)

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178
Q

cefepime: clinical use

A

pseudomonas

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179
Q

class IA antiarrhythmics: effect on AP duration

A

increase

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180
Q

vigabatrin: AEs

A

permanent visual loss

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181
Q

diphenhydramine: class

A

first generation H1 blocker

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182
Q

adalimumab: clinical use

A

RA

psoriasis

ankylosing spondylitis

IBD

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183
Q

secobarbital: class

A

barbiturate

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184
Q

bosentan: AEs

A

hepatotoxic

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185
Q

certolizumab: class

A

TNFa inhibitor

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186
Q

rosuvastatin: class

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

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187
Q

anticholinesterase poisoning: muscarinic effects

A

DUMBBELSS

diarrhea

urination

miosis

bronchospasm

bradycardia

emesis

lacrimation

sweating

salivation

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188
Q

H1 blocker: MOA

A

reversible inhibition of H1 histamine receptors

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189
Q

adenosine receptor antagonists

A

theophylline

caffeine

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190
Q

roflumilast: clinical use

A

severe COPD

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191
Q

metronidazole: AEs

A

disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol

headache

metallic taste

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192
Q

propranolol: class

A

nonselective beta blocker

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193
Q

acetazolamide: clinical use

A

glaucoma

idiopathic intracranial hypertension

altitude sickness

metabolic alkalosis

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194
Q

albuterol: AEs

A

tremor

arrhythmia

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195
Q

indomethacin: clnical use

A

close PDA

analgesic

antipyretic

anti-inflammatory

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196
Q

dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker: AEs

A

gingival hyperplasia

peripheral edema

flushing

dizziness

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197
Q

diclofenac: class

A

NSAID

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198
Q

dextromethorphan: MOA

A

NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist ->

antitussive

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199
Q

pilocarpine: clinical use

A

open-angle glaucoma

closed-angle glaucoma

Sjogren syndrome

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200
Q

octreotide: class

A

somatostatin analog

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201
Q

theophylline: class

A

nonspecific PDE inhibitor

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202
Q

nitrates: clinical use

A

angina

acute coronary syndromes

pulmonary edema

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203
Q

proton pump inhibitors: AEs

A

C diff

pneumonia

acute interstitial nephritis

vitamin B12 malabsorption

decreased serum Mg

decreased calcium absorption

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204
Q

celecoxib: AEs

A

increased risk of thrombosis

sulfa allergy

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205
Q

SSRIs: MOA

A

inhibit 5-HT reuptake

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206
Q

dexlansoprazole: class

A

proton pump inhibitor

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207
Q

CNS stimulants: MOA

A

increase norepinephrine and dopamine in synaptic cleft

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208
Q

mirtazapine: class

A

alpha-2 blocker

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209
Q

donepezil: class

A

anticholinesterase

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210
Q

niacin: clinical use

A

hyperlipidemia

increase HDL

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211
Q

aztreonam: AEs

A

occasional GI upset

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212
Q

sumatriptan: AEs

A

coronary vasospasm (contraindicated in CAD and vasospastic angina)

serotonin syndrome

paresthesia

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213
Q

benzodiazepines: AEs

A

anterograde amnesia

dependence and withdrawal

tolerance

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214
Q

theophylline: AEs

A

narrow therapeutic index:

cardiotoxicity

neurotoxicity

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215
Q

diltiazem: AEs

A

gingival hyperplasia

cardiac depression (may cause acute HF)

AV block

constipation

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216
Q

pantoprazole: class

A

proton pump inhibitor

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217
Q

timolol: class

A

nonselective beta blocker

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218
Q

diazepam: metabolism

A

CYP2C19

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219
Q

second generation H1 blockers: clinical use

A

allergy

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220
Q

infliximab: clinical use

A

RA

psoriasis

ankylosing spondylitis

IBD

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221
Q

phenytoin: metabolism

A

induces CYP450

(decreases levels of other drugs)

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222
Q

K sparing diuretics: AEs

A

hyperkalemia

arrhythmia

antiandrogen effects, gynecomastia (spironolactone)

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223
Q

atenolol: class

A

beta-1 blocker

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224
Q

nimodipine: class

A

dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker

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225
Q

eplerenone: class

A

K-sparing diuretic

(aldosterone antagonist)

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226
Q

nicardipine: class

A

dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker

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227
Q

cimetidine: metabolism

A

inhibitor of CYP450

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228
Q

zileuton: class

A

antileukotriene

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229
Q

avanafil: class

A

PDE-5 inhibitor

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230
Q

neostigmine: class

A

anticholinesterase

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231
Q

midazolam: clinical use

A

anesthesia

status epilepticus

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232
Q

muscarinic antagonists: MOA

A

competitvely block muscarinic receptors ->

prevents bronchoconstriction

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233
Q

fluoroquinolones: naming

A

-oxacin

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234
Q

cefotetan: clinical use

A

pelvic inflammatory disease (with doxycycline)

pre-op in children with appendicitis (with metronidazole)

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235
Q

neostigmine: clinical use

A

myasthenia gravis

reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade

post-operative urinary retention

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236
Q

cefuroxime: class

A

beta-lactam

(2nd generation cephalosporin)

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237
Q

sulfamethoxazole: class

A

sulfonamide

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238
Q

fenoldopam: class

A

vasodilator

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239
Q

adenosine: AEs

A

flushing

hypotension

chest pain

sense of impending doom

bronchospasm

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240
Q

nitroprusside: AEs

A

cyanide toxicity

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241
Q

verapamil: class

A

non-dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker

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242
Q

monobactams

A

aztreonam

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243
Q

class II antiarrhythmics: clinical use

A

supraventricular tachyarrhythmias

ventricular rate control for atrial fibrillation/flutter

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244
Q

acebutolol: class

A

beta-1 partial agonist

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245
Q

isosorbide dinitrate: class

A

nitrate

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246
Q

tigecycline: MOA

A

binds to 30S subunit of bacterial ribosome ->

inhibits protein synthesis ->

bacteriostatic

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247
Q

carbamazepine: AEs

A

agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia

ataxia

sedation

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248
Q

levetiracetam: MOA

A

inhibits voltage-gated Ca channels

modulates GABA and glutamate release

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249
Q

cefepime: class

A

beta-lactam

(4th generation cephalosporin)

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250
Q

nitroprusside: class

A

vasodilator

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251
Q

zafirlukast: MOA

A

blocks leukotriene receptors (CysLT1) ->

anti-inflammatory effects

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252
Q

high potency typical antipsychotics

A

haloperidol

trifluoperazine

fluphenazine

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253
Q

levetiracetam: clinical use

A

safe in pregnancy

partial (focal) seizures

generalized seizures

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254
Q

lidocaine: class

A

class IB antiarrhythmic

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255
Q

montelukast: class

A

antileukotriene

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256
Q

eplerenone: MOA

A

aldosterone receptor antagonist in cortical collecting tubule ->

decreases Na reabsorption and K secretion

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257
Q

ondansetron: clinical use

A

control vomiting:

post-operatively

cancer chemotherapy

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258
Q

theophylline: metabolism

A

metabolized by CYP450

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259
Q

loop diuretics: AEs

A

ototoxicity (esp ethacrynic acid)

hypokalemia

hypomagnesemia

dehydration

metabolic alkalosis

interstitial nephritis

gout

sulfa allergy (not ethacrynic acid)

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260
Q

phenoxybenzamine: AEs

A

orthostatic hypotension

reflex tachycardia

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261
Q

alprazolam: clinical use

A

panic attacks

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262
Q

hypertension w/ diabetes: treatment

A

ACE inhibitors / ARBs

Ca channel blockers

thiazide diuretics

beta-blockers

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263
Q

tiotropium: class

A

long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)

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264
Q

ziprasidone: AEs

A

QT prolongation

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265
Q

topiramate: metabolism

A

stimulates CYP3A

inhibits CYP2C19

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266
Q

milrinone: class

A

PDE-3 inhibitor

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267
Q

clevidipine: class

A

dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker

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268
Q

digoxin: clinical use

A

HF

atrial fibrillation

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269
Q

thiopental: class

A

barbiturate

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270
Q

lithium: AEs

A

renal: polyuria (can progress to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus), interstitial nephritis

CNS: tremor, sedation, impaired cognition

endocrine: hypothyroidism
cardiac: sinus bradycardia, SA blockade

GI: stomach upset, increased appetite

birth defects: Ebstein anomaly

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271
Q

tetracyclines: MOA

A

bind 30S subunit of bacterial ribosome ->

prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA ->

bacteriostatic

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272
Q

hydralazine: AEs

A

reflex tachycardia (contraindicated in angina/CAD)

fluid retention

headache

angina

drug-induced lupus

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273
Q

niacin: AEs

A

flushed face

hyperglycemia

hyperuricemia

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274
Q

fenoldopam: clinical use

A

hypertensive emergency

post-op antihypertensive

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275
Q

carbamazepine: class

A

anticonvulsant

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276
Q

erythromycin: metabolism

A

inhibits CYP450

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277
Q

aminoglycosides: clinical use

A

TBD

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278
Q

iloperidone: class

A

atypical antipsychotic

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279
Q

teriparatide: AEs

A

increased risk of osteosarcoma

transient hypercalcemia

AVOID in Paget disease and pts with prior cancer

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280
Q

metolazone: class

A

thiazide diuretic

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281
Q

topiramate: MOA

A

blocks Na channels

increases GABA action

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282
Q

non-dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker: MOA

A

blocks voltage-gated L-type Ca channels in primarily cardiac muscle

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283
Q

dofetilide: class

A

class III antiarrhythmic

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284
Q

albuterol: MOA

A

agonist at beta-2 adrenergic receptors ->

relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

SHORT-ACTING

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285
Q

class IV antiarrhythmics: AEs

A

constipation

flushing

edema

cardiovascular effects (HF, AV block, SA node depression)

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286
Q

prazosin: class

A

alpha-1 blocker

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287
Q

linezolid: MOA

A

binds to 50S subunit of bacterial ribosome ->

prevents formation of initiation complex

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288
Q

disopyramide: class

A

class IA antiarrhythmic

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289
Q

haloperidol: class

A

typical antipsychotic

(high potency)

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290
Q

niacin: MOA

A

inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue

reduces hepatic VLDL synthesis

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291
Q

fibrates: clinical use

A

hypertriglyceridemia

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292
Q

antileukotrienes: clinical use

A

asthma (particularly aspirin-induced and exercise-induced)

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293
Q

methacholine: clinical use

A

asthma diagnosis (challenge test)

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294
Q

misoprostol: clinical use

A

prophylaxis for NSAID-induced peptic ulcers

induction of labor (off-label)

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295
Q

class IB antiarrhymics: effect on AP duration

A

decrease

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296
Q

linezolid: class

A

protein synthesis inhibitor

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297
Q

ceftazidime: class

A

beta-lactam

(3rd generation cephalosporin)

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298
Q

class IA antiarrhythmics: strength of Na channel blockade

A

moderate

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299
Q

haloperidol: AEs

A

extrapyrimidal symptoms

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

hyperprolactinemia

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300
Q

thiazide diuretics: clinical use

A

hypertension

HF

idiopathic hypercalciuria

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

osteoporosis

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301
Q

lorazepam: metabolism

A

no CYPs needed

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302
Q

clozapine: class

A

atypical antipsychotic

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303
Q

allopurinol: MOA

A

competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase ->

decreased conversion of hypoxanthine and xanthine to urate ->

prevention of gout crystals

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304
Q

tizanidine: AEs

A

hypotension

weakness

xerostomia (no saliva)

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305
Q

clozapine: clinical use

A

treatment-resistant schizophrenia / schizo-affective disorder

suicidality in schizophrenia

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306
Q

imipenem: class

A

beta-lactam

(carbapenem)

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307
Q

cefpodoxime: class

A

beta-lactam

(3rd generation cephalosporin)

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308
Q

cephalexin: class

A

beta-lactam

(1st generation cephalosporin)

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309
Q

cefoxitin: class

A

beta-lactam

(2nd generation cephalosporin)

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310
Q

ramelteon: AEs

A

dizziness

nausea

fatigue

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311
Q

amoxicillin: class

A

beta-lactam

(aminopenicillin)

(beta-lactamase sensitive)

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312
Q

thiazide diuretics: MOA

A

inhibit NaCl reabsorption in early DCT ->

decrease diluting capacity of nephron

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313
Q

bisphosphonates: clinical use

A

osteoporosis

hypercalcemia

Paget disease of bone

metastatic bone disease

osteogenesis imperfecta

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314
Q

class III antiarrhythmics: effect on AP duration

A

increase

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315
Q

solifenacin: class

A

muscarinic antagonist

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316
Q

amikacin: class

A

aminoglycoside

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317
Q

hydralazine: MOA

A

increases cGMP, leading to smooth muscle relaxation

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318
Q

LABA: AEs

A

tremor

arrhythmia

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319
Q

5th generation cephalosporins

A

ceftaroline

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320
Q

digoxin: MOA

A

direct inhibition of Na/K ATPase ->

indirect inhibition of Na/Ca exchanger ->

increased intracellular Ca ->

positive inotropy

321
Q

sildenafil: clinical use

A

erectile dysfunction

pulmonary hypertension

322
Q

digoxin toxicity: treatment

A

slowly normalize K

anti-digoxin Fab fragments

Mg

323
Q

oxybutynin: class

A

muscarinic antagonist

324
Q

vardenafil: clinical use

A

erectile dysfunction

pulmonary hypertension

325
Q

methyldopa: clinical use

A

hypertension in pregnancy

326
Q

macrolides: clinical use

A

community acquired pneumonia (covers atypical causes)

chlamydia

327
Q

hydralazine: clinical use

A

severe hypertension (safe in pregnancy)

HF (with organic nitrate)

328
Q

class II antiarrhythmics: effect on PR interval

A

increase

329
Q

nitroglycerin: class

A

nitrate

330
Q

sotalol: clinical use

A

atrial fibrillation/flutter

ventricular tachycardia

331
Q

rivastigmine: clinical use

A

alzheimer’s disease

332
Q

aspirin overdose: treatment

A

NaHCO3

333
Q

macrolides

A

azithromycin

clarithromycin

erythromycin

334
Q

erythromycin: class

A

protein synthesis inhibitor

(macrolide)

335
Q

antacids: clinical use

A

esophageal reflux

336
Q

ziprasidone: class

A

atypical antipsychotic

337
Q

PDE-based platelet inhibitors: AEs

A

nausea

headache

facial flushing

hypotension

abdominal pain

338
Q

first generation H1 blockers: AEs

A

sedation

antimuscarinic effects

anti-alpha-adrenergic effect

339
Q

labetalol: class

A

nonselective alpha and beta blocker

340
Q

temazepam: metabolism

A

no CYPs needed

341
Q

dofetilide: AEs

A

QT prolongation (torsades)

342
Q

quetiapine: class

A

atypical antipsychotic

343
Q

polymyxins: MOA

A

bind to phospholipids on cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria ->

disrupt cell membrane integrity ->

leakage of cellular components ->

cell death

344
Q

golimumab: clinical use

A

RA

psoriasis

ankylosing spondylitis

IBD

345
Q

flumazenil: class

A

benzodiazepine antagonist

346
Q

pilocarpine: class

A

direct muscarinic agonist

347
Q

class IB antiarrhythmics: clinical use

A

acute ventricular arrhythmias (particularly post-MI)

digitalis-induced arrhythmias

348
Q

vigabatrin: clinical use

A

4th-line for partial (focal) seizures

349
Q

histamine-2 blockers: clinical use

A

peptic ulcers

gastritis

mild esophageal reflux

350
Q

antacids

A

aluminum hydroxide

calcium carbonate

magnesium hydroxide

351
Q

octreotide: clinical use

A

acute variceal bleeds

acromegaly

VIPoma

carcinoid tumors

352
Q

NSAIDs: clinical use

A

analgesic

antipyretic

anti-inflammatory

353
Q

streptomycin: class

A

aminoglycoside

354
Q

norfloxacin: class

A

fluoroquinolone

355
Q

ipratropium: class

A

short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA)

356
Q

NSAIDs: AEs

A

interstitial nephritis

gastric ulcers

renal ischemia

aplastic anemia

357
Q

neomycin: class

A

aminoglycoside

358
Q

gabapentin: clinical use

A

peripheral neuropathy

postherpetic neuralgia

add-on for partial (focal) seizures (not very effective)

359
Q

sulfasalazine: AEs

A

malaise

nausea

sulfonamide toxicity

reversible oligospermia

360
Q

tazobactam: class

A

beta-lactamase inhibitor

361
Q

aliskiren: clinical use

A

hypertension

362
Q

barbiturates: AEs

A

cardiorespiratory depression

CNS depression (sedation)

dependence

363
Q

class IV antiarrhythmics: effect on PR interval

A

increase

364
Q

loop diuretics: effect on blood Ca

A

decrease

365
Q

orlistat: clinical use

A

weight loss

366
Q

fluoroquinolones: clinical use

A

gram-negative rods of urinary and GI tracts (including pseudomonas)

otitis externa

367
Q

sulfonamides: AEs

A

hypersensitivity reactions

hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

nephrotoxicity (tubulointerstitial nephritis)

photosensitivity

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

kernicterus in infants

displace other drugs from albumin (warfarin)

368
Q

colesevelam: class

A

bile acid resin

369
Q

mannitol: class

A

osmotic diuretic

370
Q

antistaphylococcal penicillins: clinical use

A

cellulitis (community-acquired)

impetigo

371
Q

4th generation cephalosporins

A

cefepime

372
Q

dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker: MOA

A

blocks voltage-gated L-type Ca channels in primarily smooth muscle

373
Q

reversal of muscarinic anticholinesterase poisoning

A

atropine

374
Q

methyldopa: class

A

alpha-2 agonist

375
Q

pyridostigmine: class

A

anticholinesterase

376
Q

ezetimibe: AEs

A

hepatoxicity (rare)

diarrhea

377
Q

tigecycline: AEs

A

nausea

vomiting

378
Q

inhaled corticosteroids: AEs

A

oral thrush

379
Q

nizatidine: class

A

histamine-2 blocker

380
Q

digoxin: class

A

cardiac glycoside

381
Q

nadolol: class

A

nonselective beta blocker

382
Q

topiramate: class

A

anticonvulsant

383
Q

cefotetan: class

A

beta-lactam

(2nd generation cephalosporin)

384
Q

nitrates: MOA

A

increase NO in vascular smooth muscle, leading to increase in cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation

385
Q

ertapenem: class

A

beta-lactam

(carbapenem)

386
Q

loop diuretics: effect on urine Ca

A

increase

387
Q

oxazepam: metabolism

A

no CYPs needed

388
Q

captopril: class

A

ACE inhibitor

389
Q

solifenacin: clinical use

A

overactive bladder

390
Q

bezafibrate: class

A

fibrate

391
Q

temazepan: class

A

benzodiazepine

392
Q

terazosin: class

A

alpha-1 blocker

393
Q

loop diuretics: MOA

A

inhibits Na/K/2Cl cotransport in TAL ->

prevents concentration of urine

also increases PGE -> vasodilates afferent arteriole

394
Q

1st generation cephalosporins

A

cefazolin

cephalexin

395
Q

spironolactone: class

A

K-sparing diuretic

(aldosterone antagonist)

396
Q

prostacyclin analogs: clinical use

A

pulmonary hypertension

397
Q

iloprost: class

A

prostacyclin analog

398
Q

tolterodine: clinical use

A

overactive bladder

399
Q

naproxen: class

A

NSAID

400
Q

aliskiren: AEs

A

hyperkalemia

decreased GFR

hypotension

angioedema

teratogen

401
Q

second generation H1 blockers: AEs

A

antimuscarinic side effects

anti-alpha-andrenergic side effects

402
Q

atypical antipsychotics: MOA

A

most are dopamine D2 antagonists and 5-HT antagonists

varied effects on alpha and H1 receptors

403
Q

tizanidine: class

A

alpha-2 agonist

404
Q

reversal of nicotinic anticholinesterase poisoning

A

pralidoxime

405
Q

1st generation cephalosporins: clinical use

A

surgical wound infections

pre-op for prophylaxis of surgical wound infections

406
Q

prostacyclin analogs: MOA

A

PGI2 causes direct vasodilatory effects on pulmonary and systemic arterial beds

also inhibits platelet aggregation

407
Q

fluoroquinolones: AEs

A

GI upset

skin rashes

headache, dizziness

myalgias, leg cramps

CONTRAINDICATED in pregnant women, nursing mothers, and children <18 (due to damage to cartilage)

QT prolongation

tendonitis or tendon rupture

408
Q

sildenafil: AEs

A

hypotension

CONTRAINDICATED with nitrates

409
Q

colchicine: MOA

A

binds and stabilizes tubulin ->

inhibits microtubule polymerization ->

impairs neutrophil chemotaxis and degranulation

410
Q

colchicine: clinical use

A

acute gout

chronic gout (prophylaxis)

411
Q

guanfacine: clinical use

A

ADHD

Tourette syndrome

hypertensive urgency

symptom control in opioid withdrawal

412
Q

scopolamine: clinical use

A

motion sickness

413
Q

typical antipsychotics: clinical use

A

schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

psychosis

bipolar disorder

delirium

Tourette syndrome

Huntington disease

OCD

414
Q

hydralazine: class

A

arteriolar vasodilator

415
Q

amiodarone: clinical use

A

atrial fibrillation/flutter

ventricular tachycardia

416
Q

carbamazepine: clinical use

A

first-line for partial (focal) seizures

trigeminal neuralgia

manic episodes

417
Q

meloxicam: class

A

NSAID

418
Q

bismuth: clinical use

A

peptic ulcers

H pylori

traveler’s diarrhea

419
Q

ampicillin: class

A

beta-lactam

(aminopenicillin)

(beta-lactamase sensitive)

420
Q

loratadine: class

A

second generation H1 blocker

421
Q

valproic acid: AEs

A

birth defects: neural tube defects (contraindicated in pregnancy)

hepatoxicity

pancreatitis

weight gain

GI distress

422
Q

lisdexamfetamine: class

A

CNS stimulant

423
Q

hypertension in pregnancy: treatment

A

hydralazine

labetolol

methyldopa

nifedipine

424
Q

oxacillin: class

A

beta-lactam

(antistaphylococcal penicillin)

(beta-lactamase resistant)

425
Q

midazolam: metabolism

A

CYP3A4

426
Q

ivabradine: clinical use

A

chronic stable angina in pts who cannot take beta-blockers

chronic HFrEF

427
Q

class III antiarrhythmics: MOA

A

potassium channel blocker ->

prolonged phase 3 repolarization

428
Q

typical antipsychotics: MOA

A

blocks dopamine D2 recpetor (primarily) ->

increases cAMP

429
Q

extrapyrimidal symptoms of typical antipsychotics

A

acute dystonia (hours to days): muscle spasm, stiffness)

akathisia (days to months): restlessness

Parkinsonism (days to months): bradykinesia

tardive dyskinesia (months to years): chorea

430
Q

barbiturates: MOA

A

increases duration of Cl channel opening ->

increases GABA action ->

decreases neuron firing

431
Q

fenoldopam: AEs

A

hypotension

tachycardia

432
Q

class IC antiarrhythmics: effect on effective-refractory periods

A

increases ERP in AV node and accessory bypass tracts

433
Q

pyridostigmine: clinical use

A

myasthenia gravis

434
Q

candesartan: class

A

angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

435
Q

lorazepam: class

A

benzodiazepine

436
Q

sildenafil: clinical use

A

erectile dysfunction

pulmonary hypertension

437
Q

cevimeline: clinical use

A

Sjogren syndrome

438
Q

antistaphylococcal penicillins

A

nafcillin

oxacillin

dicloxacillin

439
Q

hypertension w/ compensated HF: treatment

A

diuretics

ACE inhbitors / ARBs

beta-blockers

aldosterone antagonists

440
Q

chlordiazepoxide: class

A

benzodiazepine

441
Q

nitroprusside: clinical use

A

hypertensive emergency

442
Q

factors that predispose to digoxin toxicity

A

renal failure (decreased clearance)

hypokalemia (increased digoxin binding)

coadministration with verapamil, amiodarone, quinidine

443
Q

aluminum hydroxide: AEs

A

hypokalemia

constipation

hypophosphatemia

osteodystrophy

proximal muscle weakness

seizures

444
Q

anti-IL-5: clinical use

A

maintenance therapy in severe eosinophilic asthma

445
Q

metoclopramide: AEs

A

increased parkinsonism effects (contraindicated in Parkinson disease)

tardive dyskinesia

restlessness

drowsiness

fatigue

depression

diarrhea

446
Q

galantamine: class

A

anticholinesterase

447
Q

suvorexant: class

A

orexin receptor antagonist

448
Q

class II antiarrhythmics: MOA

A

decrease cAMP in SA and AV nodes ->

decreases Ca currents

also decrease slope of phase 4 depolarization

449
Q

vigabatrin: MOA

A

increases GABA

450
Q

procainamide: class

A

class IA antiarrhythmic

451
Q

theophylline: clinical use

A

blocks action of adenosine

limited use in asthma

452
Q

avanafil: clinical use

A

erectile dysfunction

pulmonary hypertension

453
Q

sumatriptan: clinical use

A

acute migraine

cluster headache attack

454
Q

etanercept: clinical use

A

RA

psoriasis

ankylosing spondylitis

455
Q

mepolizumab: class

A

anti-IL-5

456
Q

aspirin: clinical use

A

low dose: decrease platelet aggregation

intermediate dose: antipyretic, analgesic

high dose: anti-inflammatory

457
Q

class IA antiarrhythmics: effect on effective-refractory periods

A

increase ERP in ventricular AP

458
Q

class IB antiarrhythmics: strength of Na channel blockade

A

weak

459
Q

CNS stimulants: clinical use

A

ADHD

narcolepsy

binge-eating disorder

460
Q

ACE inhibitors: AEs

A

cough

angioedema

teratogen (renal malformations)

increased creatinine

hyperkalemia

hypotension

461
Q

phenoxybenzamine: clinical use

A

pheochromocytoma

462
Q

proton pump inhibitors: MOA

A

irreversibly inhibit H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells ->

decreases H+ secretion

463
Q

ciprofloxacin: metabolism

A

inhibits CYP450

464
Q

suvorexant: AEs

A

somnolence

abnormal sleep-related activities

465
Q

gentamicin: class

A

aminoglycoside

466
Q

bile acid resins: AEs

A

increased triglycerides

GI upset

decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

decreased absorption of certain drugs

467
Q

desloratadine: class

A

second generation H1 blocker

468
Q

dextromethorphan: AEs

A

opioid effect -> abuse potential

serotonin syndrome

469
Q

sotalol: class

A

class III antiarrhythmic

470
Q

asenapine: class

A

atypical antipsychotic

471
Q

LABA: clinical use

A

asthma prophylaxis

472
Q

clavulanic acid: class

A

beta-lactamase inhibitor

473
Q

midazolam: class

A

benzodiazepine

474
Q

valproic acid: class

A

anticonvulsant

475
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: effect on blood pH

A

acidemia (decreased pH)

476
Q

sumatriptan: class

A

triptan

477
Q

probenecid: AEs

A

uric acid kidney stone

478
Q

cimetidine: class

A

histamine-2 blocker

479
Q

phenytoin: class

A

anticonvulsant

480
Q

disopyramide: AEs

A

HF

thrombocytopenia

QT prolongation (torsades)

481
Q

tizanidine: clinical use

A

relief of spasticity

482
Q

minocycline: class

A

tetracycline

483
Q

ranitidine: AEs

A

decreases renal excretion of creatinine

484
Q

meropenem: class

A

beta-lactam

(carbapenem)

485
Q

fluphenazine: AEs

A

extrapyrimidal symptoms

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

hyperprolactinemia

486
Q

valproic acid: clinical use

A

first-line for generalized seizures

partial (focal) seizures

myoclonic seizures

acute mania

migraine prophylaxis

487
Q

bumetanide: class

A

sulfonamide loop diuretic

488
Q

acetaminophen: MOA

A

reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase in CNS

489
Q

acetylcholine: class

A

direct muscarinic agonist

490
Q

doxycycline: class

A

tetracycline

491
Q

phenytoin: AEs

A

CNS sedation (drowsiness, ataxia, confusion, insomnia, nystagmus)

gum hyperplasia

hirsutism

492
Q

clevidipine: clinical use

A

HTN

stable/unstable angina

vasospastic angina

Raynaud phenomenon

hypertensive urgency/emergency

493
Q

nifedipine: clinical use

A

HTN

stable/unstable angina

vasospastic angina

Raynaud phenomenon

(safe in pregnancy)

494
Q

ibandronate: class

A

bisphosphonate

495
Q

aminoglycosides

A

gentamicin

neomycin

tobramycin

streptomycin

amikacin

496
Q

nitrates: AEs

A

reflex tachycardia (may result in angina)

hypotension

flushing

headache

Monday disease in industrial exposure (tolerance lost over weekend)

497
Q

thioridazine: AEs

A

antimuscarinic: dry mouth, constipation
antihistamine: sedation

alpha-1 blockade: orthostatic hypotension

ophthalmologic: retinal deposits

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

hyperprolactinemia

QT prolongation

498
Q

edrophonium: class

A

anticholinesterase

499
Q

isosorbide mononitrate: class

A

nitrate

500
Q

amlodipine: clinical use

A

HTN

stable/unstable angina

vasospastic angina

Raynaud phenomenon

501
Q

lamotrigine: clinical use

A

safe in pregnancy

partial (focal) seizures

generalized seizures

bipolar disorder

502
Q

hypertension w/ decompensated HF: treatment

A

diuretics

ACE inhibitors / ARBs

aldosterone antagonists

503
Q

milrinone: MOA

A

increases cAMP ->

in cardiomyocytes: increases Ca influx -> increased ionotropy and chronotropy

in vascular smooth muscle: MLCK inhibition -> vasodilation -> decrease preload and afterload

504
Q

celecoxib: MOA

A

reversibly and selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)

(thus does not have effects on gastric mucosa or platelets)

505
Q

class IA antiarrhythmics

A

quinidine

procainamide

disopyramide

506
Q

aminoglycosides: MOA

A

binds 30S subunit of bacterial ribosome ->

inhibits initiation complex ->

causes misreading of mRNA ->

bactericidal

507
Q

zaleplon: class

A

omega-1 (benzodiazepine-1) agonist

508
Q

thiazide diuretics: effect on blood Ca

A

increase

509
Q

thiazide diuretics: AEs

A

hypokalemia

metabolic alkalosis

hyponatremia

hyperglycemia

hyperlipidemia

hyperuricemia

hypercalcemia

sulfa allergy

510
Q

valproic acid: MOA

A

increases Na channel inactivation

increases GABA concentration

511
Q

class IV antiarrhythmics: effect on effective refractory period

A

increase ERP

512
Q

mirtazapine: clinical use

A

depression

513
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins

A

ceftriaxone

cefotaxime

cefpodoxime

ceftazidime

514
Q

aztreonam: class

A

monobactam

515
Q

cilostazol: class

A

PDE-based platelet inhibitor

516
Q

esmolol: class

A

beta-1 blocker

517
Q

infliximab: class

A

TNFa inhibitor

518
Q

colistin: class

A

polymyxin

519
Q

nifedipine: class

A

dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker

520
Q

fluphenazine: class

A

typical antipsychotic

(high potency)

521
Q

ezetimibe: MOA

A

prevents cholesterol absorption at small intestine brush border

522
Q

bethanechol: class

A

direct muscarinic agonist

523
Q

avibactam: class

A

beta-lactamase inhibitor

524
Q

tadalafil: clinical use

A

erectile dysfunction

pulmonary hypertension

benign prostatic hypertrophy

525
Q

misoprostol: class

A

PGE1 analog

526
Q

moxifloxacin: class

A

respiratory fluoroquinolone

527
Q

acetaminophen: clinical use

A

analgesic

antipyretic

NOT anti-inflammatory

used instead of aspirin in children with viral illness to avoid Reye syndrome

528
Q

tetracyclines: AEs

A

GI distress

discoloration of teeth in children

inhibition of bone growth in children

photosensitivity

contraindicated in pregnancy

529
Q

amiloride: MOA

A

blocks Na channels in cortical collecting tubule

530
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor: MOA

A

inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a cholesterol precursor

531
Q

donepezil: clinical use

A

alzheimer’s disease

532
Q

chlorpheniramine: class

A

first generation H1 blocker

533
Q

rivastigmine: class

A

anticholinesterase

534
Q

vancomycin: AEs

A

nephrotoxicity

ototoxicity

thrombophlebitis

red man syndrome

DRESS syndrome

535
Q

procainamide: AEs

A

reversible SLE-like syndrome

thrombocytopenia

QT prolongation (torsades)

536
Q

aminoglycosides: AEs

A

ototoxicity (hearing loss)

nephrotoxicity (acute tubular necrosis)

neuromuscular blockade (contraindicated in myasthenia gravis)

teratogenicity (renal defects and ototoxicity)

537
Q

alirocumab: class

A

PCSK9 inhibitor

538
Q

trifluoperazine: class

A

typical antipsychotic

(high potency)

539
Q

leflunomide: MOA

A

reversibly inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase ->

prevents pyrimidine synthesis ->

suppresses T cell proliferation

540
Q

lurasidone: AEs

A

QT prolongation

541
Q

ACE inhibitors: clinical use

A

hypertension

HF

proteinuria

diabetic nephropathy

CKD

542
Q

risperidone: AEs

A

hyperprolactinemia (amenorrhea, galactorrhea, gynecomastia)

QT prolongation

543
Q

albuterol: class

A

beta-2 agonist

(short-acting)

544
Q

ranolazine: AEs

A

constipation

dizziness

headache

nausea

QT prolongation (torsades)

545
Q

ethacrynic acid: class

A

non-sulfonamide loop diuretic

546
Q

pimozide: class

A

typical antipsychotic

547
Q

tetracyclines: clinical use

A

borrelia

mycoplasma pneumoniae

rickettsia

chlamydia

acne vulgaris

548
Q

TNF inhibitors: AEs

A

predisposition to infection

reactivation of latent TB

drug-induced lupus

549
Q

phentolamine: clinical use

A

hypertensive crisis produced by tyramine ingestions on MAO inhibition

550
Q

signs of cholinergic toxicity

A

Hot as a hare (increased body temp)

Fast as a fiddle (increase HR)

Dry as a bone (dry mouth, dry skin, urinary retention)

Red as a beet (flushed skin)

Blind as a bat (cycloplegia)

Full as a flask (constipation)

Mad as a hatter (disorientation)

551
Q

class IV antiarrhythmics

A

diltiazem

verapamil

552
Q

magnesium hydroxide: AEs

A

hypokalemia

diarrhea

hyporeflexia

hypotension

cardiac arrest

553
Q

SAMA: AEs

A

increased body temperature

increased HR

dry mouth

flushed skin

cycloplegia

constipation

disorientation

urinary retention

554
Q

evolocumab: class

A

PCSK9 inhibitor

555
Q

esomeprazole: class

A

proton pump inhibitor

556
Q

tetracyclines

A

tetracycline

doxycycline

minocycline

557
Q

lorazepam: clinical use

A

anxiety

status epilepticus

ethanol withdrawal in liver disease

558
Q

barbiturates: metabolism

A

induces CYP450

559
Q

effects of vasodilators on arteries vs. veins

A

nitrates: veins > arteries
nitroprusside: arteries = veins
hydralazine: arteries > veins

560
Q

anti-IL-5: MOA

A

prevents eosinophil differentiation, maturation, activation and survival

561
Q

metoclopramide: MOA

A

D2 receptor antagonist ->

increases resting muscle tone

increases contracility

increases LES tone

increases motility

promotes gastric emptying

562
Q

triamterene: clinical use

A

K depletion

HF

563
Q

ciprofloxacin: class

A

fluoroquinolone

564
Q

loop diuretics: effect on blood pH

A

alkalemia (increased pH)

565
Q

fenoldopam: MOA

A

dopamine D1 receptor agonist

566
Q

sotalol: AEs

A

QT prolongation (torsades)

excessive beta-blockade

567
Q

phentolamine: AEs

A

orthostatic hypotension

reflex tachycardia

568
Q

beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

clavulanic acid (with amoxicillin)

sulbactam (with ampicillin)

avibactam (with ceftazidime)

tazobactam (with piperacillin)

569
Q

enoxacin: class

A

fluoroquinolone

570
Q

cephalosporins: AEs

A

hypersensitivity reactions

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

disulfiram-like reaction

vitamin K deficiency

571
Q

terazosin: clinical use

A

benign prostatic hypertrophy

hypertension

572
Q

chlorpromazine: AEs

A

antimuscarinic: dry mouth, constipation
antihistamine: sedation

alpha-1 blockade: orthostatic hypotension

ophthalmologic: corneal deposits

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

hyperprolactinemia

QT prolongation

573
Q

sulfonamides: clinical use

A

broad-spectrum

Nocardia

UTI

574
Q

hydrochlorothiazide: class

A

thiazide diuretic

575
Q

mannitol: AEs

A

pulmonary edema

dehydration

hypo- or hyper-natremia

576
Q

PCSK9 inhibitors: AEs

A

myalgias

delirium

dementia

577
Q

bisoprolol: class

A

beta-1 blocker

578
Q

budesonide: class

A

inhaled corticosteroid

579
Q

epoprostenol: class

A

prostacyclin analog

580
Q

temazepam: clinical use

A

anxiety

insomnia

ethanol withdrawal in liver disease

581
Q

bosentan: clinical use

A

pulmonary hypertension

582
Q

omega-1 (benzodiazepine-1) agonists: AEs

A

ataxia

headache

confusion

583
Q

class IC antiarrhythmics: clinical use

A

supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (including atrial fibrillation)

last resort in ventricular tachyarrhythmia

584
Q

loop diuretics: clinical use

A

edematous states (HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema)

hypertension

hypercalcemia

585
Q

tropicamide: clinical use

A

produce mydriasis and cycloplegia for eye exam

586
Q

lurasidone: class

A

atypical antipsychotic

587
Q

verapamil: clinical use

A

HTN

stable/unstable angina

atrial fibrillation/flutter

588
Q

milrinone: AEs

A

tachycardia

ventricular arrhythmias

hypotension

589
Q

methylphenidate: class

A

CNS stimulant

590
Q

bosentan: class

A

endothelin receptor antagonist

591
Q

sulfisoxazole: class

A

sulfonamide

592
Q

clarithromycin: class

A

protein synthesis inhibitor

(macrolide)

593
Q

tigecycline: clinical use

A

vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE)

MRSA

594
Q

cevimeline: class

A

direct muscarinic agonist

595
Q

class IC antiarrhythmics: AEs

A

proarrhythmic

contraindicated in structural and ischemic heart disease

596
Q

guaifenesin: MOA

A

expectorant

597
Q

low potency typical antipsychotics

A

chlorpromazine

thioridazine

598
Q

ivabradine: AEs

A

luminous phenomena / visual brightness

hypertension

bradycardia

599
Q

timolol: clinical use

A

glaucoma

(decreases production of aqueous humor)

600
Q

nebivolol: clinical use

A

hypertension

601
Q

octreotide: MOA

A

somatostatin analog ->

inhibits secretion of various splanchnic vasodilatory hormones

602
Q

clonidine: clinical use

A

ADHD

Tourette syndrome

hypertensive urgency

symptom control in opioid withdrawal

603
Q

hypertension in asthma: treatment

A

ARBs

Ca channel blockers

thiazide diuretics

cardioselective beta-blockers

AVOID: ACE inhibitors, non-selective beta-blockers

604
Q

trimethoprim: AEs

A

megaloblastic anemia

leukopenia

granulocytopenia

hyperkalemia

605
Q

flumazenil: clinical use

A

benzodiazepine overdose

606
Q

metronidazole: MOA

A

forms toxic free radical metabolites in bacterial cell ->

damage DNA

(bactericidal)

607
Q

dextroamphetamine: class

A

CNS stimulant

608
Q

vancomycin: clinical use

A

MRSA

c.diff (oral)

empiric therapy for endocarditis

empiric therapy for severe pneumonia or sepsis

609
Q

theophylline: MOA

A

inhibits phosphodiesterase ->

increases cAMP levels due to decreased cAMP hydrolysis ->

bronchodilation

610
Q

dicloxacillin: class

A

beta-lactam

(antistaphylococcal penicillin)

(beta-lactamase resistant)

611
Q

ticarcillin: class

A

beta-lactam

(antipseudomonal penicillin)

612
Q

omalizumab: clinical use

A

allergic asthma resistant to inhaled corticosteroids and LABAs

613
Q

chlorthalidone: class

A

thiazide diuretic

614
Q

dapsone: AEs

A

hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

methemoglobinemia

agranulocytosis

615
Q

trimethoprim: MOA

A

inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase ->

inhibits folate synthesis

(bacteriostatic)

616
Q

mannitol: contraindications

A

anuria

HF

617
Q

tamsulosin: class

A

alpha-1 blocker

618
Q

sertraline: class

A

SSRI

619
Q

dofetilide: clinical use

A

atrial fibrillation/flutter

620
Q

piroxicam: class

A

NSAID

621
Q

clindamycin: AEs

A

c diff

fever

622
Q

inhaled corticosteroids: clinical use

A

asthma prophylaxis

623
Q

aripiprazole: AEs

A

QT prolongation

624
Q

carbachol: class

A

direct muscarinic agonist

625
Q

linezolid: clinical use

A

vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE)

MRSA

626
Q

alpha-1 blockers: AEs

A

orthostatic hypotension

dizziness

headache

627
Q

omalizumab: class

A

anti-IgE

628
Q

clarithromycin: metabolism

A

inhibits CYP450

629
Q

trihexyphenidyl: class

A

muscarinic antagonist

630
Q

clonidine: class

A

alpha-2 agonist

631
Q

sildenafil: MOA

A

inhibits PDE-5 ->

increases cGMP ->

prolongs vasodilatory effect of NO

632
Q

methyldopa: AEs

A

hemolysis (direct Coombs +)

drug-induced lupus

hyperprolactinemia

633
Q

phenobarbital: class

A

barbiturate

634
Q

thiazide diuretics: effect on blood pH

A

alkalemia (increased pH)

635
Q

carbapenems

A

doripenem

imipenem

meropenem

ertapenem

636
Q

PDE-based platelet inhibitor: MOA

A

increases cAMP ->

inhibition of platelet aggregation

637
Q

penicillin V: class

A

beta-lactam

(natural penicillin)

(beta-lactamase-sensitive)

638
Q

misoprostol: MOA

A

PGE1 analog ->

increase production and secretion of gastric mucus barrier and decreases acid production

639
Q

class IB antiarrhythmics

A

lidocaine

mexiletine

phenytoin

640
Q

cimetidine: AEs

A

antiandrogenic effects (prolactin release, gynecomastia, impotence, decreased libido in males)

crosses BBB (confusion, dizziness, headache)

decrease renal excretion of creatinine

641
Q

sulfadiazine: class

A

sulfonamide

642
Q

reslizumab: class

A

anti-IL-5

643
Q

celecoxib: clinical use

A

rheumatoid arthritis

osteoarthritis

644
Q

esmolol: clinical use

A

supraventricular/ventricular arrhythmias

(particularly in pheochromocytoma surgery)

645
Q

ketorolac: class

A

NSAID

646
Q

atorvastatin: class

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

647
Q

ethosuximide: MOA

A

blocks thalamic T-type Ca channels

648
Q

doripenem: class

A

beta-lactam

(carbapenem)

649
Q

dextromethorphan: clinical use

A

antitussive

650
Q

amiodarone: class

A

class III antiarrhythmic

651
Q

anticholinesterase poisoning: nicotinic effects

A

neuromuscular blockade

652
Q

sulfasalazine: clinical use

A

ulcerative colitis

Crohn disease (with colitis)

653
Q

fluticasone: class

A

inhaled corticosteroid

654
Q

carbapenems: AEs

A

GI distress

rash

CNS toxicity (seizures)

655
Q

linezolid: AEs

A

thrombocytopenia

peripheral neuropathy

serotonin syndrome

656
Q

escitalopram: class

A

SSRI

657
Q

certolizumab: clinical use

A

RA

psoriasis

ankylosing spondylitis

IBD

658
Q

calcium carbonate: class

A

antacid

659
Q

trihexyphenidyl: clinical use

A

Parkinsonism

acute dystonia

660
Q

alprazolam: metabolism

A

CYP3A4

661
Q

teriparatide: MOA

A

recombinant PTH analog ->

increase osteoblastic activity

662
Q

labetalol: clinical use

A

hypertension in pregnancy

hypertensive emergency

pheochromocytoma

663
Q

triazolam: class

A

benzodiazepine

664
Q

ethosuximide: class

A

anticonvulsant

665
Q

physostigmine: clinical use

A

antidote for anticholinergic toxicity

666
Q

guanfacine: AEs

A

CNS depression

bradycardia

hypotension

respiratory depression

miosis

rebound hypertension

667
Q

mexiletine: class

A

class IB antiarrhythmic

668
Q

glycopyrrolate: clinical use

A

pre-operative to reduce respiratory secretions

669
Q

ibutilide: AEs

A

QT prolongation (torsades)

670
Q

furosemide: class

A

sulfonamide loop diuretic

671
Q

gemfibrozil: class

A

fibrate

672
Q

ondansetron: MOA

A

5-HT3 antagonist ->

decreased vagal stimulation ->

antiemetic

673
Q

dipyridamol: clinical use

A

claudication

stroke prevention

prevention of coronary stent restenosis

cardiac stress testing

674
Q

probenecid: MOA

A

inhibits reabsorption of uric acid in PCT ->

prevents gout crystals

675
Q

suvorexant: clinical use

A

insomnia

676
Q

oxazepam: class

A

benzodiazepine

677
Q

phenytoin: MOA

A

blocks Na channels

678
Q

sacubitril: AEs

A

hypotension

hyperkalemia

cough

dizziness

contraindicated with ACE inhibitors (due to angioedema risk)

679
Q

aztreonam: clinical use

A

hospitalized patients with penicillin allergy

680
Q

etanercept: class

A

TNFa inhibitor

681
Q

cefoxitin: clinical use

A

pelvic inflammatory disease (with doxycycline)

pre-op in children with appendicitis (with metronidazole)

682
Q

PCSK9 inhibitors: MOA

A

inactivation of LDL receptor degradation, leading to increased removal of LDL from blood

683
Q

inhaled corticosteroid: MOA

A

inhibit synthesis of cytokines

inactivates NF-kB -> inhibits production of TNF-a -> anti-inflammatory

684
Q

phentolamine: class

A

nonselective alpha blocker

685
Q

losartan: class

A

angiotension II receptor blocker (ARB)

686
Q

first generation H1 blockers: clinical use

A

allergy

motion sickness

sleep aid

687
Q

magnesium: clinical use

A

tx of torsades de pointes

tx of digoxin toxicity

688
Q

fluoxetine: class

A

SSRI

689
Q

ezetimibe: clinical use

A

hyperlipidemia

690
Q

diazepam: clinical use

A

anxiety

anesthesia

muscle spasms

status epilepticus

ethanol withdrawal

691
Q

mannitol: clinical use

A

elevated intracranial pressure

elevated intraocular pressure

drug overdose

692
Q

benralizumab: class

A

anti-IL-5

693
Q

verapamil: AEs

A

gingival hyperplasia

cardiac depression (may cause acute HF)

AV block

constipation

hyperprolactinemia

694
Q

SAMA: clinical use

A

asthma

COPD

695
Q

ARBs: clinical use

A

hypertension

HF

proteinuria

diabetic nephropathy

CKD

696
Q

K sparing diuretics: effect on blood pH

A

acidemia (decreased pH)

697
Q

omega-1 (benzodiazepine-1) agonists: clinical use

A

insomnia

698
Q

clozapine: AEs

A

agranulocytosis

myocarditis

seizures

metabolic syndrome (weight gain, diabetes, dyslipidemia)

QT prolongation

699
Q

polymyxins: clinical use

A

salvage therapy for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (pseudomonas, E coli, klebsiella)

700
Q

acetazolamide: AEs

A

proximal renal tubular acidosis

paresthesias

NH3 toxicity

sulfa allergy

hypokalemia

calcium phosphate kidney stones

701
Q

octreotide: AEs

A

nausea

cramps

steatorrhea

increased risk of cholelithiasis (due to CCK inhibition)

702
Q

acetazolamide: MOA

A

inhibits carbonic anhydrase ->

NaHCO3 diuresis

703
Q

betaxolol: clinical use

A

glaucoma in asthmatics

704
Q

tamsulosin: clinical use

A

benign prostatic hypertrophy

705
Q

atypical antipsychotics: clinical use

A

schizophrenia (positive and negative symptoms)

bipolar disorder

anxiety disorders

mania

depression

Tourette syndrome

OCD

706
Q

class IC antiarrhythmics: strength of Na channel blockade

A

strong

707
Q

adalimumab: class

A

TNFa inhibitor

708
Q

valproic acid: metabolism

A

CYP450 inhibitor

(increases levels of other drugs)

709
Q

natural penicillins

A

penicillin G

penicillin V

710
Q

aspirin: MOA

A

irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (both COX1 and 2) ->

decreased synthesis of TXA2 and prostaglandins ->

increased bleeding time

(no effect on PT, PTT)

711
Q

ramelteon: clinical use

A

insomnia

712
Q

teriparatide: clinical use

A

osteoporosis

713
Q

amiloride: class

A

K-sparing diuretic

(ENaC inhibitor)

714
Q

fibrates: AEs

A

myopathy

cholesterol gallstones

715
Q

proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

A

-prazole

(omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, dexlansoprazole)

716
Q

eszopiclone: class

A

omega-1 (benzodiazepine-1) agonist

717
Q

antileukotrienes: AEs

A

hepatotoxic

718
Q

metronidazole: clinical use

A

anaerobic infections below the diaphragm

protozoal infections (giardia, entamoeba, trichomonas, gardnerella)

719
Q

LAMA: clinical use

A

asthma

COPD

720
Q

PDE-5 inhibitors: MOA

A

decreases hydrolysis of cGMP ->

increases cGMP ->

increases smooth muscle relaxation by enhancing NO activity

721
Q

digoxin: AEs

A

cholinergic effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)

blurry yellow vision

arrhythmias

AV block

hyperkalemia

722
Q

leflunomide: AEs

A

diarrhea

hypertension

hepatotoxicity

teratogenicity

723
Q

carbapenems: clinical use

A

hospitalized patients with serious infections

724
Q

benztropine: clinical use

A

Parkinsonism

acute dystonia

725
Q

mirtazapine: AEs

A

sedation

increased serum cholesterol

increased appetite

726
Q

valsartan: class

A

angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

727
Q

N-acetylcysteine: clinical use

A

COPD

CF

antidote for acetaminophen overdose

728
Q

diltiazem: class

A

non-dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker

729
Q

orlistat: MOA

A

inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase ->

decreases breakdown and absorption of dietary fats

730
Q

benzodiazepines: MOA

A

increases frequency of Cl channel opening ->

facilitates GABA action

731
Q

methamphetamine: class

A

CNS stimulant

732
Q

propranolol: clinical use

A

hypertension

supraventricular/ventricular arrhythmia

angina

migraine prophylaxis

thyrotoxicosis

pheochromocytoma

733
Q

piperacillin: class

A

beta-lactam

(antipseudomonal penicillin)

734
Q

chlorpromazine: class

A

typical antipsychotic

(low potency)

735
Q

ramelteon: class

A

melatonin receptor agonist

736
Q

diazepam: class

A

benzodiazepine

737
Q

lithium: metabolism

A

narrow therapeutic window - requires monitoring of serum levels

exclusively excreted by kidneys - many drugs increase serum lithium (thiazides, NSAIDs, etc)

738
Q

physostigmine: class

A

anticholinesterase

739
Q

ceftriaxone: clinical use

A

meningitis

gonorrhea

Lyme disease

740
Q

sacubitril: MOA

A

prevents degradation of natriuretic peptides, angiogension II, substance P

741
Q

nicardipine: class

A

dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker

742
Q

beta-lactamase inhibitors: clinical use

A

otitis media

bacterial sinusitis

bite wounds

743
Q

doxylamine: class

A

first generation H1 blocker

744
Q

roflumilast: MOA

A

increases cAMP in neutrophils, granulocytes, and bronchial epithelium

745
Q

anticholinesterase poisoning: CNS effects

A

respiratory depression

lethargy

seizures

coma

746
Q

aspirin: class

A

NSAID

747
Q

simvastatin: class

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

748
Q

formoterol: class

A

long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA)

749
Q

amiodarone: AEs

A

QT prolongation (torsades)

pulmonary fibrosis

hepatotoxicity

hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism

neurologic effects

constipation

CV effects (bradycardia, heart block, HF)

corneal deposits / blue/gray skin deposits

750
Q

clonidine: AEs

A

CNS depression

bradycardia

hypotension

respiratory depression

miosis

rebound hypertension

751
Q

clindamycin: clinical use

A

anaerobic infections above the diaphragm

752
Q

loperamide: MOA

A

agonist at mu-opioid receptors ->

slows gut motility

753
Q

topiramate: clinical use

A

partial (focal) seizures

generalized seizures

migraine prophylaxis

754
Q

methacholine: class

A

direct muscarinic agonist

755
Q

nitrates: contraindications

A

right ventricular infarction

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

with PDE-5 inhibitor use

756
Q

fenofibrate: class

A

fibrate

757
Q

probenecid: clinical use

A

chronic gout (prevention)

758
Q

ramipril: class

A

ACE inhibitor

759
Q

metoclopramide: clinical use

A

diabetic gastroparesis

postoperative gastroparesis

antiemetic

persistent GERD

760
Q

misoprostol: AEs

A

diarrhea

CONTRAINDICATED in women of childbearing potential (causes spontaneous abortion)

761
Q

nimodipine: clinical use

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

762
Q

allopurinol: clinical use

A

chronic gout (prevention)

prevention of tumor lysis-associated urate nephropathy (in lymphoma and leukemia)

763
Q

zileuton: MOA

A

5-lipooxygenase inhibitor ->

blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes

764
Q

zolpidem: class

A

omega-1 (benzodiazepine-1) agonist

765
Q

phenobarbital: clinical use

A

anticonvulsant in neonates

anxiety

insomnia

766
Q

galantamine: clinical use

A

Alzheimer’s disease

767
Q

zafirlukast: class

A

antileukotriene

768
Q

beta blockers: metabolism

A

CYP2D6

(not CYP3A4)

769
Q

roflumilast: class

A

PDE-4 inhibitor

770
Q

LAMA: AEs

A

increased body temperature

increased HR

dry mouth

flushed skin

cycloplegia

constipation

disorientation

urinary retention

771
Q

olanzapine: class

A

atypical antipsychotic

772
Q

ranolazine: MOA

A

inhibits late phase of inward sodium current, reducing diastolic wall tension

773
Q

fibrates: MOA

A

upregulates lipoprotein lipase, increasing triglyceride clearance

activates PPAR-alpha to induce HDL synthesis

774
Q

tolterodine: class

A

muscarinic antagonist

775
Q

fluvoxamine: class

A

SSRI

776
Q

lamotrigine: class

A

anticonvulsant

777
Q

acetaminophen: AEs

A

hepatotoxicity

(metabolite (NAPQI) depletes glutathione and forms toxic byproducts)

778
Q

clindamycin: MOA

A

binds to 50S subunit of bacterial ribosome ->

blocks translocation ->

bacteriostatic

779
Q

antistaphylococcal penicillins: AEs

A

hypersensitivity reactions

drug-induced interstitial nephritis

780
Q

aripiprazole: class

A

atypical antipsychotic

781
Q

alendronate: class

A

bisphosphonate

782
Q

CNS stimulants: AEs

A

nervousness

agitation

anxiety

insomnia

anorexia and weight loss

tachycardia

hypertension

bruxism

783
Q

class IB antiarrhythmics: AEs

A

CNS stimulation/depression

cardiovascular depression

784
Q

paliperidone: class

A

atypical antipsychotic

785
Q

class IV antiarrhythmics: clinical use

A

prevention of nodal arrhythmias (SVT)

rate control in atrial fibrillation

786
Q

carvedilol: class

A

nonselective alpha and beta blocker

787
Q

quinidine: AEs

A

cinchonism (headache, tinnitus)

thrombocytopenia

QT prolongation (torsades)

788
Q

quetiapine: AEs

A

metabolic syndrome (weight gain, diabetes, dyslipidemia)

QT prolongation

789
Q

daptomycin: MOA

A

disrupts cell membrane of gram-positive cocci by creating transmembrane channels

790
Q

sacubitril: clinical use

A

HFrEF (in combination with ARBs)

791
Q

fluoroquinolones: MOA

A

inhibit prokaryotic topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV

(bactericidal)

792
Q

sildenafil: class

A

PDE-5 inhibitor

793
Q

sildenafil: class

A

PDE-5 inhibitor

794
Q

vancomycin: MOA

A

binds D-Ala-D-Ala portion of cell wall precursors ->

inhibits cell wall peptidoglycan formation

795
Q

bile acid resins: clinical use

A

hyperlipidemia

796
Q

proton pump inhibitors: clinical use

A

peptic ulcers

gastritis

esophageal reflux

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

H pylori

797
Q

vigabatrin: class

A

anticonvulsant

798
Q

sumatriptan: MOA

A

5-HT agonist ->

induce vasoconstriction

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