Pharmacology Flashcards
When is mannitol given?
To reduce increased ICP - assumes no on-going intracranial bleeding
When is dexamethasone given?
Potent anti-inflam to reduce intracranial swelling
When is midazolam given?
Anticonvulsant given to manage acute epileptic seizures
When is carbamazepine given?
LT management seizures by reducing their incidence
What is the MOA of mannitol?
- Osmotic agent
- Assumes intact BBB
What is the MOA of dexamethasone?
- Steroid forms complex with glucocorticoid receptor which then acts as transcriptional regulator to decrease inflam
- Upregulate anti-inflam proteins + downregulate pro-inflam mediators
What is the MOA of midazolam?
- Benzodiazepines increase GABA-ergic suppression
- Increase Cl- which hyperpolarises neurons to reduce impulse propgagation
What is the MOA of carbamazepine?
- Inhibits aberrantly active CNS VG Na channels
- GABA receptor agonist
What are the ADR’s of mannitol?
Electrolyte imbalance
Diuresis
Thrombophlebitis
Hypotension
What are the CI’s of mannitol?
Anuric or active intracranial beleed
What are the ADR’s of dexamethasone?
Immune suppression
Cushings syndrome
Osteoporosis
What are the CI’s of dexamethasone?
Immuno-compromised
Diabetic
What are the ADR’s of midazolam?
Drowsiness
Cardiac arrest
Paradoxical excitement aggressive behaviours
What are the CI’s of midazolam?
Pre-existing CNS depression or severe resp depression
What are the ADR’s of carbamazepine?
Allergic skin reactions
Aplastic anaemia
Blurred vision
Dizziness
