Pharmacology Flashcards
Generic-Brand names for 5-HT3 receptor antagonists/serotonin antagonists
-Tron Dolasetron-Anzemet Granisetron-Kytril/Sancuso Ondansetron-Zofran Tropisetron-Novoban
Mechanism of Action for Serotonin Antagonist
Prevent emesis by blocking chemoreceptors trigger zone and antagonizing serotonin receptors on vagaries neurons
Serotonin Antagonist side effects and treatments
Headache, diarrhea, dizziness
- treat headache with non-opioid analgesics
- monitor stool pattern
Prolonged QT interval that can lead to serious dysrhythmias
-Monitor on ECG
Generic-Brand names of Dopamine antagonists
Pro- -zine (only sometimes)
Promethazine-Phenergan
Prochlorperazine-Compazine
Metroclopramide-Reglan
-Different name due to different side effects, may cause extra-pyramidal side effectsMechanism of Action of Dopamine Antagonists
Antiemetic effects result from blockade of dopamine receptors
Dopamine Antagonists side effects and nursing response to them
Extra-pyramidal symptoms (restlessness, anxiety, spasm of face and neck)- Administer anticholinergic medications, inform provider of EPS
Hypotension- monitor and teach patient to change position slowly
Sedation- each to avoid activities that require alertness
Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation)- administer stimulant laxative or stool softeners
- teach to increase fluid intake, participate in exercise, suck on hard candy or chew gum for dry mouth
- Void q4, monitor I/O, and palpate for bladder fullness
Contraindications or precautions for using dopamine antagonists
Use caution for children and older adults due to their increased risk for extrapyramidal symptoms
Use caution in patients with urinary retention or obstruction, narrow angle glaucoma, and asthma
Promethazine is contraindicated in children under 2 and requires caution in older children due to risk of respiratory depression
