Pharmacology

Question 1

Which drug characteristic makes a drug more likely to enter a cell through a protein channel?

Answer 1

Water soluble drug

Question 2

inhibitors and agonists of the drugs (3)

Answer 2

allosteric agonis

allosteric inhibitor

competitive inhibitor

Question 3

Characteristics of hydrophilic drugs (4)

Answer 3

usually polar

aqueous diffusion

requires pores or transporters

usually don’t croos the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and Blood Uterine Barrier (BUB)

Question 4

Characteristics of lipophilic drugs (4)

Answer 4

Usually non polar

Lipid diffusion

Often cross barriers

usually cross the BBB and BUB

Question 5

What is the Pka?

Answer 5

Is the ratio of the drug will be 50% protonated and 50% Nonprotaned

Ex: aspirin pka = 3.8

PH = 3.8 →aspirin 50% protonated and 50% nonprotonated

Question 6

Acid Pka and Basic Pka

Answer 6

Acid drug →The more acid, less protonated

Basic drug→ The more acid, more protonated

Base protonated –> more soluble

Acid protonated –> less soluble

Question 7

What is volume of distribution (V_d)

Answer 7

V_d = amount of drug in the body

Concentation in the blood

Question 8

Phases of metabolism of drugs

Answer 8

phase 1: makes the drug more polar (CYP 450)

phase 2:makes the drug more hydrophilic adding specifics groups

Phase 3: Prepare the drug for excretion

Question 9

Factors that affecting drup metabolism (6)

Answer 9

Genetic differences between cytochrome P450

Competitive inhibiton of cytochrome P450

Inhibition of cytochrome P450

induction of cytochrome P450

Inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (phase 3)

blood flow

Question 10

Inhibitors of CYP450 (5)

Answer 10

Amiodarone

Fluconazole

Cimetidine

Ritonavir

Grapefruit juice

Question 11

Suicide inhibitors of CYP450

Answer 11

Spirolactone

Ethinylestradiol

Allopurinol

Propylthiouracil

Secobarbital

Question 12

Inducers of CYP450 (5)

Answer 12

Carbamazepine

Phenobarbital

Phenytoin

Ethanol

St. John’s Wort

Question 13

Action of P-glycoprotein…

Answer 13

Transport protein that moves drugs from cells into intestinal lumen

Question 14

Inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (2)

Answer 14

Verapamil

Greap Fruit

Question 15

Substrates P-Glycoprotein (2)

Answer 15

cyclosporine

Digoxin

Question 16

types of elimination kynetics

Answer 16

zero order - constante decreade of concentration

first order - half life decrease of concentration

Question 17

What is the pharmacological phenomena that may be used to explain the development of drug tolerance?

Answer 17

Tachyphylaxis

Question 18

What is bioavailability?

Answer 18

Fraction of the drug that reaches the circulation