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EOY4 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the indications for alpha blockers?

A

BPH
Hypertension

Doxazosin and Tamsulosin

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2
Q

What are 4 side effects of alpha blockers?

A

Postural hypotension

Drowsiness

Dyspnoea

Cough

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3
Q

When should caution be taken in a patient taking an alpha blocker?

A

Cataract surgery

Due to intraoperative risk of floppy iris syndrome

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin?

A

Antagonist of COX1 and COX2 which make prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane

Blocking thromboxane A2 in platelets = reduced ability to aggregate

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5
Q

What are the indications for aspirin use?

A

First line for ischaemic heart disease

No longer recommended for following an ischaemic stroke (clopi is instead)

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6
Q

Which drugs does aspirin potentiate?

A

Oral hypoglycaemics

Warfarin

Steroids

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7
Q

What is the mechanisms of action of Ciclosporin?

A

Immunosuppressant

Decreases clonal proliferation of T cells by reducing IL-2 release

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8
Q

Give 5 indications for cyclosporin use

A

After an organ transplant

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Ulcerative Colitis

Psoriasis

Pure red cell aplasia

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9
Q

What 5 adverse effects of cyclosporin?

A

INCREASES EVERYTHING - hyperkalaemia, HTN, hypertrichosis, gingival hyperplasia, hyperlipidaemia

Nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic

Impaired glucose tolerance

Tremor

More susceptible to infection (but not myelotoxic)

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10
Q

Give 6 examples of drugs that can cause agranulocytosis

A

4Cs = carbimazole, clozapine, carbamazepine, chloramphenicol

2Ms = mirtazapine and methotrexate

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11
Q

What should be monitored in a patient taking a statin and when?

A

LFTs

Baseline, 3 months and 12 months

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12
Q

What should be monitored in a patient taking an ACE inhibitor and when?

A

U&E

prior to treatment
after increasing dose
at least annually

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13
Q

What should be monitored in a patient taking Amiodarone and when?

A

TFT, LFT, U&E, CXR prior to treatment

TFT, LFT every 6 months

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14
Q

What should be monitored in a patient taking Methotrexate and when?

A

FBC, U&E, LFT before treatment

repeat weekly until stable

Every 2-3 months

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15
Q

GIVE 3 indications for methotrexate

A

Incomplete miscarriage/ medical TOP

RA

psoriasis

Take once a week along with folic acid

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16
Q

Give 4 adverse effects of methotrexate

A

Teratogenic - avoid pregnancy for at least 6 months after treatment stops (men and women)

Fibrosis - lung and liver

Myelosuppression

Mucositis

17
Q

What should be monitored in a patient taking Azothioprine and when?

A

FBC, LFT before treatment

FBC weekly for the first 4 weeks

FBC, LFT every 3 months

18
Q

What is the method of action of methotrexate?

A

Competitively inhibits Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR) which forms tetrahydrofolate = folic acid

Folic acid needed for DNA synthesis so inhibits DNA synthesis

19
Q

What is the method of action of Azathioprine?

A

Inhibits purine synthesis = inhibits DNA synthesis

20
Q

What are some general and life threatening adverse effects of Azathioprine?

A

General - nausea, dizziness, myalgia

Life-threatening - myelosuppression, agranulocytosis, neutropenia, increased risk of cancer and infection, pancreatitis

21
Q

What should be monitored in a patient taking Lithium and when?

A

TFT, U&E prior to treatment

Lithium levels weekly until stabilised then every 3 months

TFT, U&E every 6 months

22
Q

What are 5 adverse effects of lithium use?

A

Hypothyroidism

Nephrotxic

Fine tremor

T wave inversion

Weight Gain

23
Q

What are the signs of lithium toxicity?

A

Coarse tremor

Hyperreflexia

Acute confusion

Seizure > coma

24
Q

What can precipitate lithium toxicity?

A

Basically anything that messes with the kidneys

Dehydration/renal failure/ thiazides/ acei/ NSAIDs

25
Q

What should be monitored in a patient taking Sodium Valproate and when?

A

LFTs and FBC before treatment

LFTs periodically during first 6 months

26
Q

What is the MOA of sodium valproate?

A

Increases GABA activity

27
Q

What are 5 adverse effects of sodium valproate use?

A

Nausea and weight gain

P450 INHIBITOR

Teratogenic

Thrombocytopenia

Pancreatitis

28
Q

Which drug can cause cataracts?

A

Steroids

29
Q

Which drugs can cause corneal opacities?

A

Amiodarone

Indomethacin

30
Q

Which drugs can cause optic neuritis? (3)

A

Ethambutol

Amiodarone

Metronidazole

31
Q

Which drugs can cause retinopathy? (2)

A

Chloroquine

Quinine

EOY4 (22 decks)

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