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Phase 2a > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Ramipril?

A
  • ACE inhibitor

- used for treatment of hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy

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2
Q

Enalapril?

A
  • ACE inhibitor

- used for treatment of hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy

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3
Q

Perindopril?

A
  • ACE inhibitor

- used for treatment of hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy

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4
Q

Trandolapril?

A
  • ACE inhibitor

- used for treatment of hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy

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5
Q

What are the main adverse effects of ACE inhibitors?

A
  1. Related to reduced angiotensin II formation, as angiotensin restricts blood flow increasing pressure at blood vessel at exit of glomerulus:
    - Hypotension
    - Acute renal failure
    - Hyperkalaemia
    - Teratogenic effects in pregnancy
  2. Related to kinin production:
    - Cough
    - Rash
    - Anaphylactoid reactions
    As ACEi are not specific, they also breakdown bradykinin
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6
Q

Candesartan?

A
  • ARB (angiotensin II receptor blocker)

- Used for hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, heart failure (when ACEi contraindicated)

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7
Q

Valsartan?

A
  • ARB (angiotensin II receptor blocker)

- Used for hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, heart failure (when ACEi contraindicated)

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8
Q

Losartan?

A
  • ARB (angiotensin II receptor blocker)

- Used for hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, heart failure (when ACEi contraindicated)

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9
Q

Irbesartan?

A
  • ARB (angiotensin II receptor blocker)

- Used for hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, heart failure (when ACEi contraindicated)

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10
Q

Telmisartan?

A
  • ARB (angiotensin II receptor blocker)

- Used for hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, heart failure (when ACEi contraindicated)

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11
Q

What are the main adverse effects of ARB (angiotensin II receptor blockers)?

A
  • Symptomatic hypotension (especially volume deplete patients/ dehydrated)
  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Potential for renal dysfunction
  • Rash
  • Angio-oedema
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12
Q

How do ARBs work?

A

ARBS are essentially AT-1 receptor blockers, (AT-1 receptors are the receptors for angiotensin II) so block the RAAS system at the receptor level.
Are generally very well tolerated.

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13
Q

Amlodipine?

A
  • The commonest Calcium channel blocker
  • Dihydropyridine; preferentially affects vascular smooth muscle, are peripheral arterial vasodilators
  • Used for hypertension, ischaemic heart disease - angina, arrhythmia (tachycardia)
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14
Q

Felodipine?

A
  • Calcium channel blocker
  • Dihydropyridine; preferentially affects vascular smooth muscle, are peripheral arterial vasodilators
  • Used for hypertension, ischaemic heart disease - angina, arrhythmia (tachycardia)
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15
Q

Nifedipine?

A
  • Calcium channel blocker
  • Dihydropyridine: preferentially affects vascular smooth muscle, are peripheral arterial vasodilators
  • Used for hypertension, ischaemic heart disease - angina, arrhythmia (tachycardia)
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16
Q

Diltiazem?

A
  • Calcium channel blocker
  • Benzothiazepine; intermediate heart/ peripheral vascular effects
  • Used for hypertension, ischaemic heart disease - angina, arrhythmia (tachycardia)
  • also has an effect on the conduction system
17
Q

Lacidipine?

A
  • Calcium channel blocker
  • Dihydropyridine: preferentially affects vascular smooth muscle, are peripheral arterial vasodilators
  • Used for hypertension, ischaemic heart disease - angina, arrhythmia (tachycardia)
18
Q

Verapamil?

A
  • Calcium channel blocker
  • Phenylalkylamine: main effects on the heart, negatively chronotropic, negatively ionotropic
  • Used for hypertension, ischaemic heart disease - angina, arrhythmia (tachycardia)
19
Q

What are the adverse effects of Calcium Channel Blockers?

A
  1. Due to peripheral vasodilation (mainly dihydropyridines):
    - flushing
    - headache
    - oedema
    - palpitations
  2. Due to negatively chronotropic effects (phenyl

Phase 2a (8 decks)

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