Pharmacology

Question 1

What are 5 methods of pain control used in dentistry?

Answer 1

1. Topical anesthesia 
2 Local anesthesia 
3. Inhalation sedation & IV sedation 
4. Anti-anxiety agents
5. General anesthesia

Question 2

What are the components of LA cartridges?

Answer 2

Sodium Chloride- solution isotonic for body tissues
Distilled water- Dilutes the solution/volume
Epinephrine- To stop blood

Question 3

What are some complications and precautions of anesthesia?

Answer 3

Injection into blood vessels, infections, toxic reactions, temporary numbness and paresthesia

Question 4

What are 6 methods of pain control?

Answer 4

topical, electronic anesthesia, inhalation sedation, anti-anxiety agents, Intravenous sedation, general anesthesia.

Question 5

What are the lengths of time for the 3 anesthetics? (short,intermediate, and long)

Answer 5

Short= 1-3 hours
Intermediate= 2-4 hours 
Long= 4-9 hours

Question 6

What are 3 reasons for paresthesia?

Answer 6

Damage or trauma around nerve
Hemorrhage
Contaminated AS

Question 7

What are the 4 stages of anesthesia?

Answer 7

Stage 1= analgesia pt is relaxed and conscious
Stage 2= excitement
Stage 3= General anesthesia
Stage 4= Cardiac failure or respiratory

Question 8

What stage of anesthesia do the following methods of pain control produce? (Nitrous sedation, IV sedation and General anesthesia)

Answer 8

Nitrous sedation= Stage 1
Iv sedation= stage 1
General anesthesia= stage 3

Question 9

What are to chemical types of LA are:

Answer 9

amides and esters

Question 10

What are 5 conditions in a Pt’s MH that would be for LA with epinephrine?

Answer 10

Unstable angina 
Recent HA 
Hypertension
Dybase surgery 
Uncontrolled congestive hear failure

Question 11

Loss of sensation=

Answer 11

Anesthesia

Question 12

What are 4 situations where use of anti-anxiety agents could be beneficial?

Answer 12

Nervous, long, mentally challenged and young children w/ extensive treatment

Question 13

Who was the first person to use nitrous oxide as a means of pain control?

Answer 13

Horace Wells in 1844

Question 14

How are gas cylinders of nitrous oxide distinguished from cylinders of regular oxygen?

Answer 14

Oxygen= green

Nitrous Oxide= blue

Question 15

What are 5 contraindications for the use of nitrous oxide?

Answer 15

Pregnancy 1st trimester 
Multiple sclerosis 
Nasal obstruction 
Emphysema 
Emotional stability

Question 16

Example of respiratory drugs:

Answer 16

Ventolin

Question 17

Example of endocrine drugs:

Answer 17

Estrogen

Question 18

Examples of analgesics:

Answer 18

Codeine

Question 19

Examples of gastrointestinal drugs :

Answer 19

Predenisone

Question 20

Example of antiviral drugs:

Answer 20

Valtrex

Question 21

Examples of Cardiovascular drugs:

Answer 21

Lipitor

Question 22

Example of psychoactive drugs:

Answer 22

Lithium

Question 23

Example of antibiotics:

Answer 23

Chlorhexidine

Question 24

Example of neurological drugs:

Answer 24

Dilantin

Question 25

Example of anti anxiety agents:

Answer 25

Valium

Question 26

Examples of antifungals:

Answer 26

Nystatin

Question 27

What is analgesics prescribed for;

Answer 27

For pain ex Advil

Question 28

What are antibiotics prescribed for;

Answer 28

Bacterial infection ex penicillin

Question 29

What are antifungal’s prescribed for;

Answer 29

For fungal infections ex nystatin

Question 30

What are antivirals prescribed for;

Answer 30

viral infections ex valacyclovir

Question 31

What are anti-anxiety agents prescribed for;

Answer 31

For patients with fear/anxiety ex Ativan