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Surgery 1 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What different chains is anesthesia’s chemical structure made of? (3)

A
  • Lipophilic chain
  • Intermediate chain
  • Hydrophilic chain
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2
Q

What is the lipophilic chain in anesthesia composed of?

A

Aromatic ring derived from benzoic acid

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3
Q

What is the intermediate chain in anesthesia composed of?

A

Ester/amide/ether/ketone bond

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4
Q

What is the hydrophilic chain in anesthesia composed of?(2)

A 
Amine tertiary (terminal)
- dissociable ionized/nonionized
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5
Q

What part of the anesthesia is the active part?

A
  • Local anesthesia dissociated into ionized and non ionized
  • the non ionized form enters the cell (lipophillic)
  • This dissociates again
  • the ionoized INTRACELLULAR form is the active anesthesia
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6
Q

What does anesthetic potency depend on?

A

liposolubility

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7
Q

What does anesthetic duration of action depend on? (2)

A
  • Protein binding (toxicity)

- Metabolism speed (solubility)

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8
Q

What does induction time (onset) of anesthesia depend on? (3)

A
  • Pka: higher pKa means longer onset (confirm this)
  • Liposolubility
  • Doses
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9
Q

How does a high pKa affect anesthesia induction time?

A

High pKa means longer onset time

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10
Q

How does a low pKa affect anesthesia induction time?

A

Low pKa means shorter onset time

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11
Q

How does pH affect anesthesia induction time?

A

Low pH means higher onset time

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12
Q

How does liposolubility affect anesthesia induction time?

A

More liposolubility means less onset time

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13
Q

How do doses affect anesthesia induction time ?

A

More doses mean less onset time

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14
Q

Which part of anesthesia penetrates the cell?

A

Non-ionized

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15
Q

Which part of anesthesia is the active part?

A

Ionized (intracellular) part of the non-ionized

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16
Q

What are the properties of anesthesia?

A
  • Distribution
  • Binding / union
  • Activity
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17
Q

What affects metabolism speed?

A
  • Duration of action

- Systemic toxicity

18
Q

Which anesthesias are esters? (5)

A
  • Cocaine
  • Procaine (novocaine)
  • Clorporcaine
  • Tetracaine
  • Benzocaine
19
Q

Which anesthesias are amides? (7)

A
  • Lidocaine
  • Prilocaine
  • Mepivacaine
  • Bupivacaina
  • Articaine
  • Etidocaine
  • Ropivacaine
20
Q

Which anesthesia is a ketone?

21
Q

Which anesthesia is an ether?

22
Q

Which anesthesias are short duration of action and low potency? (2)

A
  • Procaine

- Clorprocaine

23
Q

Which anesthesias are medium duration of action and potency? (4)

A
  • Lidocaine
  • Prilocaine
  • Mepivacaine
  • Articaine
24
Q

Which anesthesias are long duration of action and high potency? (4)

A
  • Tetracaine
  • Bupivacaine
  • Etidocaine
  • Ropivacaine
25
What is the mechanism of action for anesthesia? (3)
- Reversible blockade of Na channel from inside the cell - inhibits membrane depolarization (no different charges) - No neural transmission
26
Which neural fibers are first to be blocked? (check notes)
BCA
27
Which neural fibers are first to recover? (Check notes)
ACB
28
Anesthesia absorption sites? (3)
- Not through healthy skin - Yes through mucous membranes - Parenteral absorption depends
29
Parenteral absorption of anesthesia depends on...? (4)
- Injection site - Relationship between blood concentration and doses - Physical and chemical features - Vasoconstrictor
30
Parenteral absorption of anesthesia depends on injection site because...
Absorption is higher if there is vasodilatation with less adipose tissue
31
Parenteral absorption of anesthesia depends on Direct relationship between blood concentration and doses because..
The more doses = higher blood concentration
32
Anesthesia distribution depends on... (2)
- Liposolubility (+ binding + distribution) | - Binding to plasmatic protein
33
Anesthesia can go through these barriers: (2)
- Blood brain barrier | - Placental barrier
34
Biotransformation of ester anesthesias?
Plasmatic pseudocolinesterases
35
Biotransformation of amide anesthesias?
Liver microsomes
36
Excretion of anesthesia occurs where?
Urine
37
Anesthesia target organs? (4)
- CNS - Cardiovascular system - VNS - Motor end plate
38
Which anesthesia competitively blocks the motor end plate?
Procaine
39
High doses of anesthesia inhibits:
VNS and motor end plate sympathetic and parasympathetic system
40
VNS & Morot end plate ganglionic blocker action?
- Block of nicotinic receptors | muscar, histam, seroton
41
VNS & Morot end plate curare-like action? (2)
Relaxant muscle drugs | - presynaptic inhibition of aceylcoline
42
Other actions on organs
Add info from slide 25/57

Surgery 1 (3 decks)

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