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Surgery 1 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What different chains is anesthesia’s chemical structure made of? (3)

A
  • Lipophilic chain
  • Intermediate chain
  • Hydrophilic chain
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2
Q

What is the lipophilic chain in anesthesia composed of?

A

Aromatic ring derived from benzoic acid

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3
Q

What is the intermediate chain in anesthesia composed of?

A

Ester/amide/ether/ketone bond

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4
Q

What is the hydrophilic chain in anesthesia composed of?(2)

A 
Amine tertiary (terminal)
- dissociable ionized/nonionized
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5
Q

What part of the anesthesia is the active part?

A
  • Local anesthesia dissociated into ionized and non ionized
  • the non ionized form enters the cell (lipophillic)
  • This dissociates again
  • the ionoized INTRACELLULAR form is the active anesthesia
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6
Q

What does anesthetic potency depend on?

A

liposolubility

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7
Q

What does anesthetic duration of action depend on? (2)

A
  • Protein binding (toxicity)

- Metabolism speed (solubility)

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8
Q

What does induction time (onset) of anesthesia depend on? (3)

A
  • Pka: higher pKa means longer onset (confirm this)
  • Liposolubility
  • Doses
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9
Q

How does a high pKa affect anesthesia induction time?

A

High pKa means longer onset time

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10
Q

How does a low pKa affect anesthesia induction time?

A

Low pKa means shorter onset time

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11
Q

How does pH affect anesthesia induction time?

A

Low pH means higher onset time

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12
Q

How does liposolubility affect anesthesia induction time?

A

More liposolubility means less onset time

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13
Q

How do doses affect anesthesia induction time ?

A

More doses mean less onset time

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14
Q

Which part of anesthesia penetrates the cell?

A

Non-ionized

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15
Q

Which part of anesthesia is the active part?

A

Ionized (intracellular) part of the non-ionized

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16
Q

What are the properties of anesthesia?

A
  • Distribution
  • Binding / union
  • Activity
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17
Q

What affects metabolism speed?

A
  • Duration of action

- Systemic toxicity

18
Q

Which anesthesias are esters? (5)

A
  • Cocaine
  • Procaine (novocaine)
  • Clorporcaine
  • Tetracaine
  • Benzocaine
19
Q

Which anesthesias are amides? (7)

A
  • Lidocaine
  • Prilocaine
  • Mepivacaine
  • Bupivacaina
  • Articaine
  • Etidocaine
  • Ropivacaine
20
Q

Which anesthesia is a ketone?

A

Diclonine

21
Q

Which anesthesia is an ether?

A

Pramoxine

22
Q

Which anesthesias are short duration of action and low potency? (2)

A
  • Procaine

- Clorprocaine

23
Q

Which anesthesias are medium duration of action and potency? (4)

A
  • Lidocaine
  • Prilocaine
  • Mepivacaine
  • Articaine
24
Q

Which anesthesias are long duration of action and high potency? (4)

A
  • Tetracaine
  • Bupivacaine
  • Etidocaine
  • Ropivacaine
25
Q

What is the mechanism of action for anesthesia? (3)

A
  • Reversible blockade of Na channel from inside the cell
  • inhibits membrane depolarization (no different charges)
  • No neural transmission
26
Q

Which neural fibers are first to be blocked? (check notes)

A

BCA

27
Q

Which neural fibers are first to recover? (Check notes)

A

ACB

28
Q

Anesthesia absorption sites? (3)

A
  • Not through healthy skin
  • Yes through mucous membranes
  • Parenteral absorption depends
29
Q

Parenteral absorption of anesthesia depends on…? (4)

A
  • Injection site
  • Relationship between blood concentration and doses
  • Physical and chemical features
  • Vasoconstrictor
30
Q

Parenteral absorption of anesthesia depends on injection site because…

A

Absorption is higher if there is vasodilatation with less adipose tissue

31
Q

Parenteral absorption of anesthesia depends on Direct relationship between blood concentration and doses because..

A

The more doses = higher blood concentration

32
Q

Anesthesia distribution depends on… (2)

A
  • Liposolubility (+ binding + distribution)

- Binding to plasmatic protein

33
Q

Anesthesia can go through these barriers: (2)

A
  • Blood brain barrier

- Placental barrier

34
Q

Biotransformation of ester anesthesias?

A

Plasmatic pseudocolinesterases

35
Q

Biotransformation of amide anesthesias?

A

Liver microsomes

36
Q

Excretion of anesthesia occurs where?

A

Urine

37
Q

Anesthesia target organs? (4)

A
  • CNS
  • Cardiovascular system
  • VNS
  • Motor end plate
38
Q

Which anesthesia competitively blocks the motor end plate?

A

Procaine

39
Q

High doses of anesthesia inhibits:

A

VNS and motor end plate sympathetic and parasympathetic system

40
Q

VNS & Morot end plate ganglionic blocker action?

A
  • Block of nicotinic receptors

muscar, histam, seroton

41
Q

VNS & Morot end plate curare-like action? (2)

A

Relaxant muscle drugs

- presynaptic inhibition of aceylcoline

42
Q

Other actions on organs

A

Add info from slide 25/57

Surgery 1 (3 decks)

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