Pharmacology Flashcards
What are the common cough and cold OTC drugs
Anti-Tussive (Dextromethorphan)
- suppress cough
- SSRI and NMDA antagonist so can lead to hallucinations at high dose and serotonin syndrome if take with serotonergics
Decongestant (Pseudoephredine, Phenylephrine, Naphazoline)
- are sympathomimetic resulting in vasoconstriction decreasing secretions and cause bronchodilation
- contraindicated with coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, urinary retention
Anti-Histamine (Diphenhydramine)
- sedative
What are the factors of drugs can pass into breast milk
Drug Properties: - non-ionized and non protein bound drugs - low molecular weight drugs - lipid soluble drugs - weakly alkaline drugs - CNS penetration Pharmacokinetics - higher oral bioavailability - high blood concentration - long half life Maternal - first week post partum alveolar cells more permeable
What type of medications pass into breast milk
anti-cancer anticonvulsant drugs of abuse amiodarone lithium tetracycline sex hormones cyclosporine
What are the differences in drug absorption in pediatrics
Gastric pH
- decreased pH decreasing absorption of weak acidic drugs
- increases bioavailability of basic drugs (penicillin)
Gastric and Intestinal Motilit
- decreased peristalsis which decrease GI absorption
- decreased bile acids which impair absorption of lipid soluble drugs
What are the drug distribution effects in infants
Body Composition
- increased total body water which increases volume of distribution of drugs -> thus higher doses required of water soluble drugs
Protein binding
- decreased albumin leading to more free drug and greater availability
What are the metabolism effects of drugs in infants
Hepatic metabolism
- reduced phase 1 leading to slower inactivation of active drugs leading to longer half lifes and longer time to reach steady state
Renal Exrecretion
- decreased renal excretion lead to longer half lives and longer time to reach steady state
