Pharmacology Flashcards
antidote: LEAD poisoning
Dimercapol
antidote: Organophosphate poisoning
Pralidoxime
DOC: Trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine
CYP450 INDUCERS:
“Ethel Booba takes Phen-Phen and Refuses Greasy Carb Shakes”
Ethanol Barbiturates Phenytoin Rifampicin Griseofulvin Carbamazepine St. john''s wort Smoking
CYP450 INHIBITORS:
“Inhibitors Stop Cyber Kids from Eating GRApefruit QV”
Isoniazid Sulfonamides Cimetidine Ketoconazole Erythromycin Grapefruit Juice Ritonavir Amiodarone Quinidine Valproic acid
teratogenic effect: Diethylstilbesterol (DES)
vaginal clear cell adenoCA on OFFSPRING
teratogenic effect: Lithium
Ebstein’s anomaly
teratogenic effect: Isotretenoin
craniofacial malformations
teratogenic effect: Misoprostol
Mobius sequnce
teratogenic effect: Sulfonamides
Kernicterus
teratogenic effect: Warfarin 1st tri
chondrodysplasia
teratogenic effect: Warfarin 2nd tri
CNS malformations
teratogenic effect: Warfarin 3rd tri
bleeding diatheses
Inhibits CHOLINE reuptake/transport in synaptic cleft
Hemicholinium
Inhibits entry of ACh into vesicles for storage
Vesamicol
Prevents release of Ach in the synaptic cleft by atlering synaptobrevins
Botulinum toxin
Inhibits degradation of ACh into Choline + Acetate by acetylcholinesterase
Indirect-acting cholinomimetics
- carbamates, Organophosphates
Define: Acetylcholine
Direct Cholinomimetic
MOA: M&N - M1, M2, M3
Use: miotic - ocular sx
AE: excessive GI & GU sm contraction
Define: Betanechol
smd: Carbachol
Direct Cholinomimetic
MOA: M - M1, M2, M3
Use: bladder & bowel atony (post-op)
AE: reflex tachycardia
Define: Pilocarpine
smd: Cevimeline
Direct Cholinomimetic
MOA: M - M3 (ciliary m., salivary gland)
Use: glaucoma, sjogren, sicca syndrome
AE: blurring of vision
Triad of Sjogren Syndrome:
- xerostomia (dry mouth)
- xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
- rheumatoid arthritis
Define: Nicotine
smd: Varenicline
Direct Cholinomimetic
MOA: N - Nn, Nm
Use: smoking cessation
AE: generalized ganglionic stimulation (HTN, tachycardia, n/v, diarrhea)
Define: Edrophonium
Indirect Cholinomimetic
MOA: inhibits AChesterase
Use: Myasthenia gravis (tensilon test)
AE: bradycardia, miosis, salivation, n/v, diarrhea
Define: Neostigmine
smd: Demacarium (carbamates)
Echothiophate (organophosphate)
Indirect Cholinomimetic
MOA: inhibits Achesterase
Use: Reversal of nondepolorizing neuromuscular blockade; myasthenia; Glaucoma
AE: bradycardia, miosis, salivation, n/v, diarrhea
Differentiate: Myasthenic crisis VS Cholinergic Crisis
Myasthenic
- UNDERmedication
- Edrophonium Tensilon test: IMPROVES
Cholinergic
- OVERmedication
- Edrophonium Tensilon test: WEAKENS
Define: Rivastigmine
smd: Donepezil; Tacrine; Galantamine
Indirect Cholinomimetic
MOA: inhibits Achesterase
Use: Alzheimer disease
AE: bradycardia, miosis, salivation, n/v, diarrhea
*Donepezil + Memantine (NMDA antagonist) = Alzheimer dementia
S/sx: Organophosphate poisoning
“DUMBBELSS”
Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bronchospasm Bradycardia Excitation (the ONLY nicotinic among the rest) Lacrimation Sweating Salivation
Define: Atropine
smd: Tropicamide; Cyclopentolate
Cholinergic ANTAGONIST
MOA: COMPETITIVE blocking ALL muscarinic
Use: antidote for organophohsphate poisoning
AE: cyclopegia; delirium; tachycardia
Define: Pralidoxime
Cholinesterase REGENERATOR
MOA: binds phosphorus of organophosphate
Use: ANTIDOTE fo early stage cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
AE: muscle weakness
