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physician licensure exam - yaelmd > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

antidote: LEAD poisoning

A

Dimercapol

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2
Q

antidote: Organophosphate poisoning

A

Pralidoxime

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3
Q

DOC: Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine

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4
Q

CYP450 INDUCERS:

“Ethel Booba takes Phen-Phen and Refuses Greasy Carb Shakes”

A 
Ethanol
Barbiturates
Phenytoin
Rifampicin
Griseofulvin
Carbamazepine
St. john''s wort
Smoking
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5
Q

CYP450 INHIBITORS:

“Inhibitors Stop Cyber Kids from Eating GRApefruit QV”

A 
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Erythromycin
Grapefruit Juice
Ritonavir
Amiodarone
Quinidine
Valproic acid
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6
Q

teratogenic effect: Diethylstilbesterol (DES)

A

vaginal clear cell adenoCA on OFFSPRING

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7
Q

teratogenic effect: Lithium

A

Ebstein’s anomaly

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8
Q

teratogenic effect: Isotretenoin

A

craniofacial malformations

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9
Q

teratogenic effect: Misoprostol

A

Mobius sequnce

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10
Q

teratogenic effect: Sulfonamides

A

Kernicterus

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11
Q

teratogenic effect: Warfarin 1st tri

A

chondrodysplasia

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12
Q

teratogenic effect: Warfarin 2nd tri

A

CNS malformations

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13
Q

teratogenic effect: Warfarin 3rd tri

A

bleeding diatheses

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14
Q

Inhibits CHOLINE reuptake/transport in synaptic cleft

A

Hemicholinium

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15
Q

Inhibits entry of ACh into vesicles for storage

A

Vesamicol

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16
Q

Prevents release of Ach in the synaptic cleft by atlering synaptobrevins

A

Botulinum toxin

17
Q

Inhibits degradation of ACh into Choline + Acetate by acetylcholinesterase

A

Indirect-acting cholinomimetics

- carbamates, Organophosphates

18
Q

Define: Acetylcholine

A

Direct Cholinomimetic
MOA: M&N - M1, M2, M3
Use: miotic - ocular sx
AE: excessive GI & GU sm contraction

19
Q

Define: Betanechol
smd: Carbachol

A

Direct Cholinomimetic
MOA: M - M1, M2, M3
Use: bladder & bowel atony (post-op)
AE: reflex tachycardia

20
Q

Define: Pilocarpine
smd: Cevimeline

A

Direct Cholinomimetic
MOA: M - M3 (ciliary m., salivary gland)
Use: glaucoma, sjogren, sicca syndrome
AE: blurring of vision

21
Q

Triad of Sjogren Syndrome:

A
  • xerostomia (dry mouth)
  • xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
  • rheumatoid arthritis
22
Q

Define: Nicotine
smd: Varenicline

A

Direct Cholinomimetic
MOA: N - Nn, Nm
Use: smoking cessation
AE: generalized ganglionic stimulation (HTN, tachycardia, n/v, diarrhea)

23
Q

Define: Edrophonium

A

Indirect Cholinomimetic
MOA: inhibits AChesterase
Use: Myasthenia gravis (tensilon test)
AE: bradycardia, miosis, salivation, n/v, diarrhea

24
Q

Define: Neostigmine
smd: Demacarium (carbamates)
Echothiophate (organophosphate)

A

Indirect Cholinomimetic
MOA: inhibits Achesterase
Use: Reversal of nondepolorizing neuromuscular blockade; myasthenia; Glaucoma
AE: bradycardia, miosis, salivation, n/v, diarrhea

25
Q

Differentiate: Myasthenic crisis VS Cholinergic Crisis

A

Myasthenic

  • UNDERmedication
  • Edrophonium Tensilon test: IMPROVES

Cholinergic

  • OVERmedication
  • Edrophonium Tensilon test: WEAKENS
26
Q

Define: Rivastigmine
smd: Donepezil; Tacrine; Galantamine

A

Indirect Cholinomimetic
MOA: inhibits Achesterase
Use: Alzheimer disease
AE: bradycardia, miosis, salivation, n/v, diarrhea

*Donepezil + Memantine (NMDA antagonist) = Alzheimer dementia

27
Q

S/sx: Organophosphate poisoning

“DUMBBELSS”

A 
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bronchospasm
Bradycardia
Excitation (the ONLY nicotinic among the rest)
Lacrimation
Sweating
Salivation
28
Q

Define: Atropine
smd: Tropicamide; Cyclopentolate

A

Cholinergic ANTAGONIST
MOA: COMPETITIVE blocking ALL muscarinic
Use: antidote for organophohsphate poisoning
AE: cyclopegia; delirium; tachycardia

29
Q

Define: Pralidoxime

A

Cholinesterase REGENERATOR
MOA: binds phosphorus of organophosphate
Use: ANTIDOTE fo early stage cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
AE: muscle weakness

physician licensure exam - yaelmd (3 decks)

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