Pharmacology

Question 1

Receptor + NTs for Parasympathetic

Answer 1

Long pre-ganglionic ACh
Nicotinic
Short post-ganglionic ACh
Muscarinic

Question 2

Receptor + NTs Sweat Glands

Answer 2

Short pre-ganglionic ACh
Nicotinic
Long post-ganglionic ACh
Muscarinic

Question 3

Receptor + NTs Sympathetic cardiac/sm musc/etc

Answer 3

Short pre-ganglionic
ACh
Long post-ganglionic
NA

Question 4

Receptors + NTs Somatic sk muscle

Answer 4

Motor neuron ACh

NMJ Nicotinic

Question 5

Structure ACh - 2

Answer 5

1 - ammonium +ve

2 - ester group; hydrolysed easily

Question 6

Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes and function

Answer 6

Stim: Gq
M1 - CNS
M3 - Sm musc + glands
M5 - ?

Inhib: Gi
M2 - cardiac
M4 - nerve

Question 7

Muscarinic agonist for glaucoma, dry mouth

Answer 7

Pilocarpine - no ester = no breakdown

SE: sweating, salivation, bradycardia, pupil constriction

Question 8

Muscarinic agonist for open angle glaucoma and cataracts surgery

Answer 8

Carbachol

SE: topical rare. Ciliary spasm = -vis. acuity

Question 9

Muscarinic Antagonist Uses (6)

Answer 9

CNS - motion sickness + anti tremor
Eye - dilation
Glands - decrease secretion
CVS - tachycardia
Bladder - decrease micturition
GIT - relaxation

Question 10

Atropine: class and uses (2)

Answer 10

Muscarinic Antagonist

Resuscitation; post MIA
Antidote; too much AChE Inhib or organoP

Question 11

Why Pregnancy and OAB (3)

Answer 11

1 - mechanical. Uterus pressure
2 - muscle; weak pelvic floor
3 - nerve; damage

Question 12

Symptoms OAB

Answer 12

1 - frequency
2 - urgency
3 - nocturia
4 - urge incontinence

Question 13

M? On detrusor muscle

Answer 13

M3 on detrusor CONTRACT = urinate

Question 14

Treat OAB with TOD

Answer 14

Tolterodine - non select + short
Oxybutynin - non select + short
Darifenacin - M3 + long

Question 15

Contraindication of Antimuscarinics (4)

Answer 15

Glaucoma
GIT obstruction
Urine retention
Acute hemorrhage
Excess exercise + temp