Pharmacology Flashcards
Benzodiazepine Diazepam / Valium Lorazepam / Ativan Clonazepam/ klonopin Alprazolam/ Xanax Chlorodiazepoxide / Librium Midazolam / versed
Side effects
CNS Depression
Difficulty Breathing
Dependence ( physiological and psychological addiction)
DWD - dizziness weakness drowsiness
BLSC- blurred vision ,lack of coordination , slurred speech, confusion
Onset .5 to 2 hours
Reversal agent / benzodiazepine antagonist
Flumazenil / romazicon
Buspirone/ Buspar
Class: miscellaneous
Delayed onset 10 to 14 days
Used for long term treatment of general anxiety disorder
Does not cause physical dependence/ tolerance
Side effect
GI upset : N/V , diarrhea, constipation, dry mouth
DWD : dizziness, weakness, drowsiness
Headache, blurred vision
SPIN : sleep problems, insomnia, nightmares, feeling tired.
Antidepressants SsRI Fluoxetine / Prozac Paroxetine / Paxil Fluvoxamine / Luvox Sertraline / Zoloft Citalopram / celexa Escitalopram / lexapro
SnRI
Venlafaxine / Effexor
Duloxetine / Cymbalta
Onset
2-4-6 wks
Side effects
DWD - dizziness, weakness , drowsiness
SPIN - sleep problems, insomnia, nightmares
GI Upset - Nausea, dry mouth, constipation
NAR- nervousness, agitation, restlessness
S.D.- sexual dysfunction
Class Antihistamine
Hydroxyzine (G) / Vistaril (T)
diphenhydramine ( Benadryl)
Onset
1-2 hours
Side effect GU - difficulty urinating GI - N/V DMSE- dry mouth, skin, or eyes Confusion , drowsiness , dizziness, Restlessness or moodiness ( children) Blurred vision
Anti-anxiety
Anxiolytic
Meprobamate / miltown, equanil
For short term use .
3rd or 4th option FDA approves to treat anxiety by causing sedation and altered perception of pain.
Onset
2 hours, metabolic half life up to 2+ days
Side effects
DWDH dizziness , weakness drowsiness, headache
GI upset - nausea, vomiting , diarrhea
NAR- nervousness, agitation, restless
Serious must report immediately- confusion, SOB, numbness/tingling , swelling of arms and legs
Dependence potential combined w/ ETOH
Class
Tricyclics (tca)
Amitriptyline ( elavil)
Clomipramine ( anafranil)
Imipramine ( Tofranil)
Onset
Up to 4 weeks
Side effects CNS depression - sedation Ortho hypo tension & tachycardia Cardiac dysrhythmias Anticholinergic effects Urinary retention Blurred vision Weight gain Dry mouth and constipation Suicidal behavior Seizure Overdose and drug interaction Do not DC abruptly
Class
Mood stabilizer/ anti manic
Lithium carbonate / eskalith, lithobid
Class
Mood stabilizer/ anti manic
Lithium carbonate / eskalith, lithobid
Side effects
Lithium toxicity
Therapeutic level is .5 to 1.2 and should not exceed 1.5 or will cause serum toxicity
Reciprocal with sodium. Low sodium increases toxicity .
Avoid diuretics
GI upset
Early signs of toxicity vomiting and diarrhea .
Over 2 meq/l tremors , sedation, confusion
Levels after 3.5 meq/l delirium seizures coma cardiovascular collapse and death
Sedative/hypnotic
Zolpidem/ ambien
Zaleon / Sonota
Eszopiclone / lunesta
Chloral hydrate
Barbiturate/ sedative
Secobarbital/Seconal
Side effects DWD Problems moving and with memory Decreased respirating and heartrate soreness with alcohol Risk of dependence Risk of OVer dose Worsen depression / anxiety
Periooperative meds
Class
Macrolide antibiotic
Erythromycin/ erythrocin
Seizure Ototoxicity Torsade de pointes , ventricular arrhythmia , qt interval prolongation C-diff N/v , abdominal pain, cramping , diarrhea , hepatitis, infantile hypertophic pyloric stenosis , pancreatitis. Interstitial nephritis Rash Phelibitis
Anti anxiety
Lorazepam
Benzodiazepine
Anticholinergic or antimuscarinic
Glycopyrrolate / robinul
Atropine / atropen
Scolopamine
Paralyzes you
Can make you hallucinate
Anticholinergic agonist
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Physostigmine
Dries you out so you don’t aspirate
antiemetic
Metoclopramide / Reglan
Ondansetron/ zofran
Promethazine / phenergan ( nausea but sedating)
Classification opioid
NarcOtic
Morphine sulfate / morphine
Hydromorphone / dilaudid
Fentanyl/ sublimaze
CNS Depressant
Respiratory depression
