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GP 3A > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

ACE inhibitors.

A

Ramipril. Inhibit vasoconstriction of RAAS. Side effects: cough, hyperkalaemia, renal failure, angio-oedema. CI: renal artery stenosis, pregnancy, aortic valve stenosis.

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2
Q

CCB

A

Nifedipine. Decrease contraction of cells. Side effects: flushing, ankle oedema, fatigue, palpitations from compensatory tachycardia.

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3
Q

ARB

A

Losartan or Candesartan. block angiotension 2 receptor. CI in pregnancy. Side effects: vertigo, urticaria, pruritus.

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4
Q

Thiazide like diuretics

A

Indapamide. Diuresis. Side effects: hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia = arrhythmia. CI in gout

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5
Q

Loop Diuretic

A

Furosemide. Symptom relief in HF. Side effects: dehydration, hypotension, hearing loss.

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6
Q

Beta-blocker

A

Carvedilol, labetolol
Heart = decrease contractility, heart rate and conduction velocity, reduce cardiac output.
Vessels = vas constrict via Beta-2 receptors
Can cause HF exacerbation as negative inotropic. CI in asthma or COPD.
Side effects: nightmares and sleep disturbance, fatigue, cold extremities, headache, impotence.

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7
Q

Digoxin

A

Cardiac glycoside. Increase contractility (inotrophy), decrease heart rate. (negative chronotropic) Side effects: bradycardia, rash, dizzy, arrhythmia, visual disturbance. Beware of fatal digoxin toxicity - arrhythmia, neuro signs, n+v, anorexia.

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8
Q

SSRI examples

A

Sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram

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9
Q

Main benefit of SSRI antidepressant

A

high threshold for overdose.

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10
Q

Discussing SSRI with patients

A

Can take 2-4 weeks to become effective, in that period can have increased anxiety and suicidal thoughts. most continue for 6months to be effective. Don’t use St John’s Wart!

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11
Q

Side effects of SSRI

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, ejaculatory delay

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12
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

Similar to neuroleptic malignancy syndrome. Excess serotonin. Symptoms such as myoclonus, tremor shivering, sweating, agitated, restless, hyperreflexia, diarrhoea.

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13
Q

Examples of tricyclics

A

Amitriptyline

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14
Q

Pharmacology of tricyclics

A

Mainly act to block serotonin and noradrenaline receptors but also act on histamine, alpha adrenergic and cholinergic receptors to give side effects.

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15
Q

Side effects of tricyclics

A

Histamine = weight gain, sedation.
Cholinergic = blurred vision and dry mouth.
Alpha adrenergic = postural hypOtension and dizziness

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16
Q

Overdose of tricyclics

A

Arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, coma, resp failure, death

17
Q

SNRI antidepressant examples

A

Venlafaxine

18
Q

Pharmacology of SNRI

A

block serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake

19
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors examples

A

Moclobemide

20
Q

MAOI pharmacology

A

inhibit the enzyme MAO to increase neurotransmitter concentrations.

21
Q

Warnings for MAOI patients

A

can’t eat food with high tyramine content e.g. cheese, pickled herring, wine, marmite. As will lead to hypertensive crisis.

22
Q

Side effects of MAOI

A

constipation, dry mouth, sweating drowsy.

23
Q

Drugs for Alzheimer’s

A

Anticholinesterase inhibitors = Donepezil & Antiglutamtergic = Memantine

24
Q

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists

A

Spironolactone

25
Q

Rx for TB

A

6 months of Rifampicin and Isoniazid with first 2 months with pyrazinamide and ethambutol.

26
Q

Side effect of rifampicin

A

Hepatitis, orange secretions, flu like symptoms

27
Q

Side effects of isoniazid

A

Hepatitis, agranulocytosis, abnormal LFT

28
Q

Side effects of pyrazinamide

A

Gout, arthralgia, myalgia

29
Q

Side effects of ethambutol

A

Optic neuritis.

30
Q

2 drug classes for dementia

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors e.g. donepezil

NMDA antagonist e.g. memantine

31
Q

Side effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

Incontinence, insomnia, headache, d+v

32
Q

Side effects of NMDA antagonist

A

Hyertension, hyper-sexuality, hypertonia and hallucinations

33
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A 
Hyperreflexia
Rigidity
Pupil dilation
Autonomic symptoms - sweating, vomiting.
Altered mental state

GP 3A (8 decks)

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