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Semester 4 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Botulinum toxin

A

Given in: Achalasia
MOA: inhibits calcium dependant release of ACh, this relaxes the LOS
Side Effects:

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2
Q

Antacids

A

Class: Magnesium/aluminium salts
Given in: dyspepsia
MOA: neutralise gastric acid secretion

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3
Q

Omeprazole

A

Class: PPI
Given in: peptic ulcers and gastritis
MOA: block H+K+ ATPase pump

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4
Q

Esomeprazole

A

Class: 2nd gen PPI
Given in: gastritis, peptic ulcers
MOA: block the H+K+ ATPase pump

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5
Q

Rantidine

A

Class: H2 receptor antagonist
Given in: Gastritis, peptic ulcers
MOA: blocks H2 receptor on parietal cells in the stomach

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6
Q

Cimetidine

A

Class: H2 receptor antagonist
Given in: gastritis, peptic ulcers
MOA: blocks the H2 receptor on the parietal cells in the stomach

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7
Q

Fluorouricil (5-FU)

A

Class: pyrimidine analog
Given in: colorectal cancer
MOA: thymidylate synthase inhibitor, prevents pyrimidine from incorporating into DNA
Side Effects: immunosuppression, GI problems

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8
Q

Folinic Acid (Leucovorin)

A

Class: calcium/sodium folinate
Given in: enhance 5-FU
MOA: stabilises bond of 5-FU with thymidylate synthase
Side Effects: insomnia, depression, agitation

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9
Q

PEG Interferon alpha2A

A 
Class: antiviral 
Given in: chronic hep B
MOA: activates immune response
Side Effects: flu like symptoms
Extra: low efficiency (works in less than 25% of people)
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10
Q

Tenofovir

A

Class: antiviral
Given in: chronic hep B
MOA: nucleoside analogues which inhibit DNA polymerase
Note: they cannot clear virus due to presence of cccDNA

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11
Q

Entecavir

A

Class: antiviral
Given in: chronic hep B
MOA: nucleoside analogues which inhibit DNA polymerase
Note: they cannot clear virus due to presence of cccDNA

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12
Q

Sofosbuvir

A

Class: direct acting antiviral
Given in: Hep C
MOA: inhibition of HCV NS5B RNA dependant RNA polymerase

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13
Q

Ribavirin

A

Class: antiviral
Given in: Hep C
MOA: nucleoside inhibitor

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14
Q

Metformin

A

Class: Biguanide
Given in: Diabetes
MOA: activates AMP kinase which is involved in GLUT 4 metabolism
Side Effects: GI side effects

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15
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Class: Thiazolidinediones
Given in: diabetes
MOA: activates PPAR gamma, this increases adipogenesis and glucose uptake
Side Effects: weight gain, oedema

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16
Q

Glicazide

A

Class: sulfonylureas
Given in: diabetes
MOA: closes ATP sensitive K+ channel, resulting in depolarisation of pancreatic beta cells
Side Effects: weight gain, hypoglycaemia

17
Q

Incretins

A

Class: insulin secretagogues
Given in: diabetes
MOA: secretion of insulin
Side Effects: GI side effects

18
Q

Sitagliptin

A

Class: DDP-4 inhibitor
Given in: diabetes
MOA: increase the action of incretins by inhibition the inhibition of DDP-4 on incretins
Side Effects: GI side effects

19
Q

Gliflozin

A

Class: SGLT2 inhibitor
Given in: diabetes
MOA: inhibition of SGLT2, prevents glucose reabsorption
Side Effects: risk of UTIs

20
Q

Miglitol

A

Class: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
Given in: diabetes
MOA: prevent digestion of carbohydrates, preventing increase of glucose levels
Side Effects: flatulence and diarrhoea

21
Q

Mannitol

A

Class: osmotic diuretic
MOA: acts on the PCT
Side Effects: hypotension

22
Q

Furosemide

A

Class: loop diuretic
MOA: acts on the ascending loop by block NCKK2 transporter
Side Effects: hypotension

23
Q

Bendroflumethiazide

A

Class: thiazide diuretic
MOA: acts on DCT to block Na+/Cl- symporter
Side Effects: hypotension

24
Q

Spironolactone

A

Class: k+ sparing diuretic
MOA: acts on DCT/Collecting duct, interferes with Na/K+ exchanger, reduces K+ excretion and Na+ reabsorption

25
Q

Finasteride

A

Class: 5alpha reductase inhibitors
Given in: BPH
MOA: blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT
Side Effects: decreased libido

26
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Class: alpha 1 blocker
Given in: BPH
MOA: inhibits alpha 1 receptors resulting in relaxation of muscles of bladder beck
Side Effects: retrograde ejaculation

27
Q

Carbimazole

A

Class: thyroid hormone inhibitor
Given in: hyperthyroidism
MOA: converted into methimazole, which blocks TPO conversion of iodine
Side Effects: GI disturbance, nausea, agranulocytosis

28
Q

Propanolol

A

Class: non selective beta blocker
Given in: hypertension, hyperthyroidism
MOA: blocks adrenaline receptors
Side Effects: bradycardia, GI disturbance

Semester 4 (10 decks)

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