Pharmacology Flashcards
Botulinum toxin
Given in: Achalasia
MOA: inhibits calcium dependant release of ACh, this relaxes the LOS
Side Effects:
Antacids
Class: Magnesium/aluminium salts
Given in: dyspepsia
MOA: neutralise gastric acid secretion
Omeprazole
Class: PPI
Given in: peptic ulcers and gastritis
MOA: block H+K+ ATPase pump
Esomeprazole
Class: 2nd gen PPI
Given in: gastritis, peptic ulcers
MOA: block the H+K+ ATPase pump
Rantidine
Class: H2 receptor antagonist
Given in: Gastritis, peptic ulcers
MOA: blocks H2 receptor on parietal cells in the stomach
Cimetidine
Class: H2 receptor antagonist
Given in: gastritis, peptic ulcers
MOA: blocks the H2 receptor on the parietal cells in the stomach
Fluorouricil (5-FU)
Class: pyrimidine analog
Given in: colorectal cancer
MOA: thymidylate synthase inhibitor, prevents pyrimidine from incorporating into DNA
Side Effects: immunosuppression, GI problems
Folinic Acid (Leucovorin)
Class: calcium/sodium folinate
Given in: enhance 5-FU
MOA: stabilises bond of 5-FU with thymidylate synthase
Side Effects: insomnia, depression, agitation
PEG Interferon alpha2A
Class: antiviral Given in: chronic hep B MOA: activates immune response Side Effects: flu like symptoms Extra: low efficiency (works in less than 25% of people)
Tenofovir
Class: antiviral
Given in: chronic hep B
MOA: nucleoside analogues which inhibit DNA polymerase
Note: they cannot clear virus due to presence of cccDNA
Entecavir
Class: antiviral
Given in: chronic hep B
MOA: nucleoside analogues which inhibit DNA polymerase
Note: they cannot clear virus due to presence of cccDNA
Sofosbuvir
Class: direct acting antiviral
Given in: Hep C
MOA: inhibition of HCV NS5B RNA dependant RNA polymerase
Ribavirin
Class: antiviral
Given in: Hep C
MOA: nucleoside inhibitor
Metformin
Class: Biguanide
Given in: Diabetes
MOA: activates AMP kinase which is involved in GLUT 4 metabolism
Side Effects: GI side effects
Pioglitazone
Class: Thiazolidinediones
Given in: diabetes
MOA: activates PPAR gamma, this increases adipogenesis and glucose uptake
Side Effects: weight gain, oedema
Glicazide
Class: sulfonylureas
Given in: diabetes
MOA: closes ATP sensitive K+ channel, resulting in depolarisation of pancreatic beta cells
Side Effects: weight gain, hypoglycaemia
Incretins
Class: insulin secretagogues
Given in: diabetes
MOA: secretion of insulin
Side Effects: GI side effects
Sitagliptin
Class: DDP-4 inhibitor
Given in: diabetes
MOA: increase the action of incretins by inhibition the inhibition of DDP-4 on incretins
Side Effects: GI side effects
Gliflozin
Class: SGLT2 inhibitor
Given in: diabetes
MOA: inhibition of SGLT2, prevents glucose reabsorption
Side Effects: risk of UTIs
Miglitol
Class: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
Given in: diabetes
MOA: prevent digestion of carbohydrates, preventing increase of glucose levels
Side Effects: flatulence and diarrhoea
Mannitol
Class: osmotic diuretic
MOA: acts on the PCT
Side Effects: hypotension
Furosemide
Class: loop diuretic
MOA: acts on the ascending loop by block NCKK2 transporter
Side Effects: hypotension
Bendroflumethiazide
Class: thiazide diuretic
MOA: acts on DCT to block Na+/Cl- symporter
Side Effects: hypotension
Spironolactone
Class: k+ sparing diuretic
MOA: acts on DCT/Collecting duct, interferes with Na/K+ exchanger, reduces K+ excretion and Na+ reabsorption
Finasteride
Class: 5alpha reductase inhibitors
Given in: BPH
MOA: blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT
Side Effects: decreased libido
Tamsulosin
Class: alpha 1 blocker
Given in: BPH
MOA: inhibits alpha 1 receptors resulting in relaxation of muscles of bladder beck
Side Effects: retrograde ejaculation
Carbimazole
Class: thyroid hormone inhibitor
Given in: hyperthyroidism
MOA: converted into methimazole, which blocks TPO conversion of iodine
Side Effects: GI disturbance, nausea, agranulocytosis
Propanolol
Class: non selective beta blocker
Given in: hypertension, hyperthyroidism
MOA: blocks adrenaline receptors
Side Effects: bradycardia, GI disturbance
