Pharmacology Flashcards
Rituximab
Monoclonal antibody
Targets CD20 receptor on B cells
Treats: non-hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Salbutamol
Short acting b2 adrenoreceptor agonist
relaxes smooth muscle, bronchodilator, prevents histamine release
treats: asthma flare ups, COPD
Salmeterol
Long-acting b2 adrenoreceptor agonist
relaxes smooth muscle, bronchodilator, prevents histamine release
treats: asthma, COPD
other: formoterol
Olodaterol
Ultra-LABA
one dose daily
relaxes smooth muscle, bronchodilator, prevents histamine release
treats: asthma, COPD
Prednisolone
Corticosteroid (glucocorticoid) - anti-inflammatory
reduces inflammation
reduces number of inflammatory cells in the airways
treats: asthma, COPD
other: dexamethasone
Ramopril
ACE-inhibitor
lowers blood pressure
can cause dry cough due to build up of bradykinin
First line treatment for hypertension <55yo caucasian
others: enalapril, lisinopril
Nintedamib
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Inhibits VEGFR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor)
orally administered
Treats: fibrosis - IPF, pneumonia
Doxazosin
alpha blocker
Amlodipine
Calcium channel blocker
Treats hypertension (lowers blood pressure)
Indicated in >55yo and patients of afro-caribbean origin
Others: felodipine, nitedipine
Candesartan
Angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB)
Reduces blood pressure
Indicated in those who cannot tolerate ACE-i
Atenolol
Beta blocker
others: bisoprolol
Atropine
Muscarinic receptor antagonist (anti-cholinergic compound)
Reverses bronchoconstriction
Treats: COPD (in combination with steroids)
Ipatropium bromide
Synthetic muscarinic receptor antagonists
less side effects than atropine
reverses bronchoconstriction
Treats: COPD (in combination with steroids)
Other: tiotropium bromide
Budesemide
Inhaled corticosteroid
Taken prophylactically for asthma either through a PDMI (pressured metered dose inhaler) or a DPI (dry powder inhaler)
Other: ciclesomide
Pirfenidone
Reduces fibroblast proliferation and collagen production
Administered orally
Treats: pulmonary fibrosis
Doxycycline
Tetracycline antibiotic
Co-amoxiclav
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (b lactamase inhibitor)
used to treat b lactamase producing bacteria
Metronidazole
Antibiotic used to treat anaerobic bacterial infections
Methotrexate
DMARD (disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug)
Treats: rheumatoid arthritis
Erythromycin
Macrolide antibiotic
other: clarithromycin (associated with nausea + more likely to promote antibiotic related diarrhoea)
Ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone antibiotic
Cabergoline
Dopamine agonist
No side effects
Treats: hyperprolactinoma by inhibiting prolactin release
Other: bromocriptine
Amiodarone
Treats: AF
Can cause: hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism
Long half-life, can stay n circulation for up to 6 months after use
Carbimazole
First line anti-thyroid drug (thionamide)
Treats: hyperthyroidism (+ beta blockers)
Contraindicated in first trimester of pregnancy
Common side effect: rash
Most serious - agranulocytosis. Reduced neutrophil count. Manifests as sore throat, fever, mouth ulcers. MUST warn patients before starting ATD.
