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Phase 2a Revision > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Rituximab

A

Monoclonal antibody
Targets CD20 receptor on B cells
Treats: non-hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

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2
Q

Salbutamol

A

Short acting b2 adrenoreceptor agonist
relaxes smooth muscle, bronchodilator, prevents histamine release
treats: asthma flare ups, COPD

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3
Q

Salmeterol

A

Long-acting b2 adrenoreceptor agonist
relaxes smooth muscle, bronchodilator, prevents histamine release
treats: asthma, COPD
other: formoterol

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4
Q

Olodaterol

A

Ultra-LABA
one dose daily
relaxes smooth muscle, bronchodilator, prevents histamine release
treats: asthma, COPD

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5
Q

Prednisolone

A

Corticosteroid (glucocorticoid) - anti-inflammatory
reduces inflammation
reduces number of inflammatory cells in the airways
treats: asthma, COPD
other: dexamethasone

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6
Q

Ramopril

A

ACE-inhibitor
lowers blood pressure
can cause dry cough due to build up of bradykinin
First line treatment for hypertension <55yo caucasian
others: enalapril, lisinopril

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7
Q

Nintedamib

A

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Inhibits VEGFR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor)
orally administered
Treats: fibrosis - IPF, pneumonia

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8
Q

Doxazosin

A

alpha blocker

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9
Q

Amlodipine

A

Calcium channel blocker
Treats hypertension (lowers blood pressure)
Indicated in >55yo and patients of afro-caribbean origin
Others: felodipine, nitedipine

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10
Q

Candesartan

A

Angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB)
Reduces blood pressure
Indicated in those who cannot tolerate ACE-i

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11
Q

Atenolol

A

Beta blocker

others: bisoprolol

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12
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonist (anti-cholinergic compound)
Reverses bronchoconstriction
Treats: COPD (in combination with steroids)

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13
Q

Ipatropium bromide

A

Synthetic muscarinic receptor antagonists
less side effects than atropine
reverses bronchoconstriction
Treats: COPD (in combination with steroids)
Other: tiotropium bromide

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14
Q

Budesemide

A

Inhaled corticosteroid
Taken prophylactically for asthma either through a PDMI (pressured metered dose inhaler) or a DPI (dry powder inhaler)
Other: ciclesomide

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15
Q

Pirfenidone

A

Reduces fibroblast proliferation and collagen production
Administered orally
Treats: pulmonary fibrosis

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16
Q

Doxycycline

A

Tetracycline antibiotic

17
Q

Co-amoxiclav

A

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (b lactamase inhibitor)

used to treat b lactamase producing bacteria

18
Q

Metronidazole

A

Antibiotic used to treat anaerobic bacterial infections

19
Q

Methotrexate

A

DMARD (disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug)

Treats: rheumatoid arthritis

20
Q

Erythromycin

A

Macrolide antibiotic

other: clarithromycin (associated with nausea + more likely to promote antibiotic related diarrhoea)

21
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

22
Q

Cabergoline

A

Dopamine agonist
No side effects
Treats: hyperprolactinoma by inhibiting prolactin release
Other: bromocriptine

23
Q

Amiodarone

A

Treats: AF
Can cause: hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism
Long half-life, can stay n circulation for up to 6 months after use

24
Q

Carbimazole

A

First line anti-thyroid drug (thionamide)
Treats: hyperthyroidism (+ beta blockers)
Contraindicated in first trimester of pregnancy
Common side effect: rash
Most serious - agranulocytosis. Reduced neutrophil count. Manifests as sore throat, fever, mouth ulcers. MUST warn patients before starting ATD.

25
Q

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

A

Anti-thyroid drug (thionamide)
Treats: hyperthyroidism
First line treatment during pregnancy

26
Q

Radioiodine

A

131I
radioactive iodine
Uptake into thyroid causing destruction of the gland
Treats: Graves’ disease, Toxic multi-nodal goitre, toxic adenoma, thyroid cancer

27
Q

Synthetic L-thyroxine

A

Synthetic T4

Treats: hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer (high dose)

28
Q

Ipilimumab

A

Monoclonal antibody, inhibits down regulation of immune system
Treats: melanoma
Can cause: thyroiditis (main symptom tiredness so regular testing as standard)

29
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Synthetic cortisol

Treats: adrenal insufficiency

30
Q

Fludrocortisone

A

Replacement for aldosterone

Phase 2a Revision (3 decks)

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