Pharmacology Flashcards
Pharmacodynamics is…
What a drug does to the body
Pharmacokinectics is…
What a body does to the drug (absorption, distribution, eliminations etc.)
Efficacy is…
They ability of an agonist to evoke a response
Higher efficacy = larger response
Affinity is…
The strength of association between agonist and its receptor
Greater affinity = greater duration of binding
EC50 is…
The concn of agonist that results in a half maximal response (i.e. 50% of receptors are occupied)
Agonist A requires 0.01 concn to elicit a response.
Agonist B requires 0.05 concn to elicit a response.
Agonist A is more ____ than agonist B.
Potent
In the presence of a competitive antagonist, EC50 is unchanged. True/False?
False EC50 increases (need to increase concn of agonist to get response)
Both the ionised and unionised form of a drug readily diffuse across the lipid bilayer. True/False?
False
Only the unionised form does
pKa is…
The pH at which 50% of a drug is ionised and 50% is unionised
Henderson Hasselbach Equation
pH = pKa + log[A-]/[HA]
pKa - pH = log[HA]/[A-]
FOR WEAK ACIDS ONLY
Increasing the pH of an acidic drug causes it to become less ionised. True/False?
False
It becomes more ionised (acid drugs are less ionised in an acid environment)
Administration routes that by-pass first pass metabolism are…
Sublingual, rectal
Vd = volume of distribution = ?
Volume in which a drug is dissolved
Dose given/Plasma Concn
Vd less than 5L suggests…
Drug is contained in vascular compartment
Vd less than 15L suggests…
Drug is restricted to extracellular water
Vd greater than 15L suggests…
Drug is in total body water
Efferent signals travel ___ from the CNS
Away
Sympathetic preganglionic NT is?
Acetylcholine (cholinergic)
Sympathetic postganglionic NT is?
Noradrenline (adrenergic)
Parasympathetic pre and post ganglionic NT is acetylcholine. True/False?
True
Sympathetic outflow is craniosacral. True/False?
False
Thoracolumbar (T1-L2)
Preganglionic neurone of sympathetic chain is long. True/False?
False
Short - preganglionic neurone of parasympathetic chain is long as ganglions are usually embedded in the target organ
Location of cranial parasympathetic ganglia in the head and neck
C3, C7, C9, C10
Parasympathetic stimulation decreases force of heart contraction. True/False?
False
Has no effect on force of contraction, but does decrease heart rate