PHARMACOLOGY

Question 1

What is the drug you administer with Carbapenems?

Answer 1

CiLASTin will make them last, they decrease renal clearance:

Carbapenems: imipenem
Meropenem
Ertapenem (esp. pseudomonas)
Doripenem

Question 2

When do you administer Carbapenems and how do they work? What is their major side effect?

Answer 2

They are cell wall cross linking inhibitors (b-lactams). They are the LAST resort (e.g. use after multiple drugs have failed) due to risk of seizure and CNS effects.

Imipenem has lowest risk of seizure.

Question 3

How do tetracyclines work?
Which one is used in MRSA treatment?
Which one is okay for renal disease?

Answer 3

Inhibit 30s ribosomal subunit.
Tetracycle, Doxy”, Mino” are examples
Doxycycline is used for MRSA and okay for renal disease.

Bacterial resistance via pumps.

Question 4

Which drugs inhibit the 50s ribosomal subunit?

Answer 4

CCEL at 50 (in Pristin(e) condition).
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Linezolid

Macrolides: Azithromycin, Clarithromycin
Erythromycin

Streptogramins: Quinipristin, Dalfopristin

Question 5

What drugs can cause gout?

Answer 5

Painful Tophi Feet Need Care
Pyrazinamide
Thiazides
Furosemide
Niacin
Cyclosporine

Question 6

What do you use to treat an acute gout attack?

Answer 6

NSAIds, (e.g. indomethacin), glucocorticoids, colchicine.

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol, febuxostat) are used for chronic treatment, they can trigger an acute attack.

Question 7

What drugs act on microtubules? (inhibit)

Answer 7

Microtubules Get Constructed Very Poorly

Mebendazole "can't bend at all" - antihelminth
Griseofulvin (antifungal)
Colchicine (acute gout)
Vincristine/Vinblastine (cancer tx)
Paclitaxel (CA)

Question 8

What drugs cause lupus?

Answer 8

His lupus is MEga SHIPPE
His = antihistone
MEthyldopa
Sulfa drugs
Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Phenytoin
Procainamide
Etancercept

Question 9

Which drugs may cause pulmonary fibrosis?

Answer 9

Amiodarone
Bleomycin – blows out the lungs
Busulfan
Methotrexate

Amigos (amiodarone) on the bus (busulfan) inhale (pulmonary fibrosis) blow (bleomycin) and meth (methotrexate)

Question 10

How do you treat Beta blocker overdose?

Answer 10

Saline, atropine, glucagon.

B-blockers cause unopposed alpha 1 agonism if given alone for pheochromocytoma or cocaine toxicity.

Question 11

What drugs are in class IA antiarrhythmics?

What channel do they block?

Answer 11

the Queen Proclaims Diso’s pyramid.
Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide.

Blocks phase 0 Na channels. (decreases slope, increases action potential duration and effective refractory period, QT interval. Some potassium blockage)

Question 12

What drugs cause long QT?

Answer 12

ABCDE
AntiArrhythmics: Class IA (Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide), III (AIDS - Amiodarone, Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Sotalol).
B- AntiBiotics (macrolides - azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin)
C- antiCychotics (haloperidol)
D-antiDepressents (TCAs- amitryptaline, nortiriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine, doxepin, amoxapine)
E-antiEmetics (ondansetron)