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Medicine > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Tazocin

A

Piperacillin/tazobactam is a combination antibiotic containing the extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic piperacillin and the β-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam.

Effective against gram negative and positive bacteria.

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2
Q

Diclofenac

A

NSAID

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3
Q

Isoniazid

A

Treatment for TB, good for rapidly dividing phase of lifecycle.

Can cause peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxic.

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4
Q

Ramipril

A

ACEi, main side effect is a dry cough in 1/10 people due to lack of breakdown of Bradykinin

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5
Q

Pyridostigimine

A

Used to test for Eaton Lambert syndrome or myasthenia gravis. They prolong the action of acetylcholine by inhibiting the action of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.

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6
Q

Gemcitabine

A

Chemotherapy drug

Incorporation of gemcitabine into the cell’s DNA creates an irreparable error that leads to inhibition of further DNA synthesis, and thereby leading to cell death

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7
Q

Carboplatin

A

Chemotherapy drug

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8
Q

Memantine

A

NMDA Antagonist - used for treatment of Alzheimers Disease

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9
Q

Lofepramine

A

Tricyclic antidepressant.
Third generation due to less side effects.

Used to treat depression.

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10
Q

Liraglutide

A

GLP-1 Analogue.

Increases insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying.

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11
Q

Allopurinol

A

Used to treat Gout by decreasing blood uric acid levels.

Can also be given to prevent specific types of kidney stones. (Calcium oxalate renal stones)
Another use is to prophylaxis of hyperuricaemia associated with chemotherapy.

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor (involved in the production pathway of uric acid)

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12
Q

Evolocumab

A

Monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Binds to PCSK9 and inhibit PCSK9 from binding to LDL receptors on the liver surface. In the absence of PCSK9, there are more LDL receptors on the surface of liver cells to remove LDL-C from the blood.

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13
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop diuretic - inhibits Na/K+/Cl- and causes significant diuresis.

Usual dose:

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14
Q

Temocillin

A

β-lactamase-resistant penicillin, mostly used for multi drug resistant gram negative bacteria. IM or IV ROA.

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15
Q

Flecaninide

A

Anti-arrthymia medication

AV nodal reciprocating tachycardia, arrhythmias associated with accessory conducting pathways (e.g. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome), disabling symptoms of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients without left ventricular dysfunction (arrhythmias of recent onset will respond more readily) (specialist supervision in hospital),
Ventricular tachyarrhythmias resistant to other treatment (specialist supervision in hospital)

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16
Q

Alendronate

A

Osteoclast inhibitor - bisphosphonate.

Used to treat Osteoporosis and Pagets disease of bone,

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17
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Thiazolidinedione - anti diabetes drug. Stimulates PPAR-gamma, modulates transcription of genes involved in control of glucose and lipid metabolism. Reduces insulin resistance, decreases gluconeogenesis in Liver.

All Thiazolidineodiones are absolutely contraindicated in patients with heart failure. Do not give to patients with the 3 or 4 NYHA.

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18
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class III anti-arrhythmic medication used to treat irregular heartbeats including VT, VF, AF, PSVT.

Serious side effects such as lung toxicity, liver problems, thyroid issues.

Don’t breastfeed or take if pregnant.

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19
Q

Doxazosin

A

Alpha-1 selective blocker. Used to treat hypertension and BPH

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20
Q

Bisoprolol

A

Beta1 blocker

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21
Q

Olanzapine

A

Dopamine and Histamine receptor antagonist used for the treatment of Schizophrenia.

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22
Q

Minoxidil

A

K+ channel opener, causes relaxation of smooth muscle.

Treatment for hair loss?

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23
Q

Midodrine

A

Anti hypotensive agent, is a pro drug - when metabolised to its active metabolite desglymidodrine (alpha 1 agonist) = activates receptors of arteriolar and venous vascular which increases vascular tone and elevates blood pressure. Poorly diffuses across blood brain barrier and is therefore not associated with CNS side effects.

Contra-indiciated with people with acute kidney disease, urinary retention, pheochromocytoma or thyrotoxicosis.

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24
Q

Fluconazole

A

Used to treat fungal infections. (Candidial balantitis, vaginal candidiasis)

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25
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Alpha receptor antagonist

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26
Q

Desmopressin

A

Also called DDAVP

Used to treat Diabetes Insipidus, bedwetting, von Willebrand disease and high blood urea levels.

Common side effects include headaches, diarrhoea and low blood sodium. Low blood sodium can cause seizures.

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27
Q

Isoprenaline

A

Non selective beta adrenoreceptor that is used for the treatment of Bradycardia.

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28
Q

Transexamic acid

A

Synthetic analog of lysine - serves as an anti-fibrinolytic by binding to lysine receptor sites on plasminogen/plasmin and preventing it from binding to and degrading fibrin.

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29
Q

Domperidone

A

Anti emetic

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30
Q

Verapamil

A

Calcium channel blocker

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31
Q

Amlodipine

A

Calcium channel blocker

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32
Q

Bendroflumethiazde

A

A

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33
Q

Clarithromycin

A

A

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34
Q

Co-amoxiclav

A

A

35
Q

Cyclizine

A

A

36
Q

Dalteparin

A

A

37
Q

Filgrastim

A

A

38
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

A

39
Q

Ipratropium

A

A

40
Q

Lenolidamine

A

A

41
Q

Loperamide

A

A

42
Q

IV Magnesium

A

Tx for Asthma

43
Q

Metronidazole

A

A

44
Q

Movicol

A

A

45
Q

Omeprazole

A

PPI

46
Q

Ondansetron

A

A

47
Q

Pomalidomide

A

A

48
Q

Quinine

A

A

49
Q

Ritixumab

A

A

50
Q

Senna

A

A

51
Q

Vancomycin

A

A

52
Q

Warfarin

A

A

53
Q

Salbutamol

A

A

54
Q

Prednisolone

A

A

55
Q

Terbutaline

A

A

56
Q

Levalbuterol

A

A

57
Q

Perbuterol

A

A

58
Q

Metoclopramide

A

A

59
Q

Sumtriptan

A

A

60
Q

Zolmitriptan

A

A

61
Q

Domperidone

A

Anti emetic

62
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

A

63
Q

Topirimate

A

A

64
Q

Amitriptyline

A

TCA

65
Q

Pamidronate

A

a

66
Q

Acyclovir

A

a

67
Q

Cotrimoxazole

A

a

68
Q

Calceous

A

a

69
Q

Aranesept

A

a

70
Q

Riampicin

A

a

71
Q

Linezolid

A

a

72
Q

Chloriazepoxide

A

a

73
Q

What is the treatment for TB?

A

RIPE

Rifampicin, Idoniazole, Pyrazanamide, Ethambutol

74
Q

What are the side effects of Loop diuretics

A

E.g. Furosemide

Hypokalaemia
Hypotension
AKI
Urinary retention
Hyperglycaemia
Exacerbate Gout
Ototoxicity
Risk of falls 
Can increase Lithium levels
75
Q

What are the side effects of Thiazide diuretics

A 
Dehydration - acute kidney injury
Low sodium, chloride, potassium
High glucose
High calcium
Increase in uric acid = cause of gout
Postural hypotension (caution in elderly patients)
76
Q

How do Thiazide diuretics work

A

Block NaCl channels in distal tubule of nephron

77
Q

Side effects of Prostaglandin analogues e.g. Latanoprost

A

Increased eyelash length, increases iris pigmentation and periocular pigmentation

78
Q

What needs to be checked before commencing a patient on Terbinafine?

A

LFTs - should be checked before commencing treatment and 4-6 weeks into treatment

79
Q

What is the treatment of Maturity onset diabetes of the young with a HNF-1 alpha mutation

A

Sulfonylureas e.g. Gliclazide

80
Q

What is used for managing tremor in drug induced Parkinsonism?

A

Procyclidine - anti muscarinic

81
Q

How to reverse Dabigitran?

A

Idarcuizumab is a monoclonal antibody that directly inhibits dabigatran

82
Q

What is a contraindication to Triptan use?

A

Cardiovascular disease

They activate 5HT receptors in the trigemniovascular system leading to impairment cerebral vessels and to a lesser extent coronary arteries

can cause vasospasm

83
Q

What should be done to hydrocortisone doses in Addison’s patients who are acutely unwell?

A

Dose should be doubled as it is mimicing Cortisol which would normally increase as a stress response

84
Q

What are side effects of Methylphenidate (used for treating ADHD)?

A

Insomnia
Agitation
Hypertension
Weight loss

Medicine (5 decks)

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