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Life Stages > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Misoprostol: MOA?

A

Prostaglandin E1 analog, causes cervical ripening and uterine contractions

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2
Q

Misoprostol: indications?

A

Induction of labor, inevitable spontaneous abortion,

medical abortion

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3
Q

Mifepristone: MOA?

A

Progesterone receptor antagonist, causes: 1) necrosis of decidual layer, detachment of implanted embryo, 2) cervical ripening

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4
Q

Mifepristone: indications?

A

Medical abortion

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5
Q

Dopamine agonists

A

Bromocriptine
Cabergoline
Pergolide

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6
Q

Letrozole: MOA?

A

Aromatase inhibitor

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7
Q

Letrozole: indications?

A

Induction of ovulation

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8
Q

Clomiphene citrate (Clomid): MOA

A

Estrogen receptor antagonist

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9
Q

Clomiphene citrate (Clomid): indications

A

Induction of ovulation

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10
Q

Hormone therapy: MOA

A

Low dose estrogen

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11
Q

Hormone therapy: indications

A

Menopausal symptoms, e.g. hot flashes, sleep disturbances, vaginal dryness

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12
Q

Ethinyl estradiol: MOA

A

Synthetic estradiol in pill, patch, ring

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13
Q

Conjugated estrogens: MOA

A

Naturally occurring estrogens

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14
Q

Conjugated estrogens: indications

A

Hormone therapy

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15
Q

Medroxyprogesterone: indications

A

Contraception: IM progestin injection every 3 months
[Note: delay in return of fertility]

Tx for endometriosis

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16
Q

Levonorgesterol: MOA

A

Progesterone receptor agonist

Thickens cervical mucus, preventing sperm transport

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17
Q

Levonorgesterol: indications?

A

Mirena IUD

18
Q

ID: Norgestimate, desogestrel, drospirenone

A

Progestins

19
Q

Estrogen-containing contraceptives: contraindications

A

Women >35 who smoke –> increased risk of MI, stroke
Hx of blood clots: DVT’s, PE, Factor V Leiden
Migraine with aura –> increased risk of stroke

20
Q

Copper IUD: MOA

A

Causes inflammatory reaction toxic to sperm and ova

21
Q

Etonogesterol (Nexplanon): MOA

A

Progestin implant
Thickens cervical mucus, preventing sperm transport
Inhibits ovulation (progesterone suppresses GnRH)

22
Q

Mirena vs Liletta vs Kyleena vs Skyla

A

Mirena: highest dose, longest lasting, recommended for heavy and long periods

Skyla: lowest dose, smaller/narrower = less pain with insertion

23
Q

Combined estrogen and progestion contraptive methods: MOA

A

Estrogen and progesterone continually suppress HPG axis

24
Q

What is the “mini-pill,” and who is it recommended for? What is its pattern of use?

A

Progestin only pill
Contraceptive for women with contraindications to estrogen and breastfeeding women

Must be taken at same day

25
Q

Emergency contraceptive options & time frame

A
  • Copper IUD: most effective, up to 5 days (120 hrs)
  • Levonorgesterol pills (“Plan B”): best if within 72 hrs, up to 5 days
  • Ulipristal acetate (“Ella”): up to 5 days, more effective than levonorgesterol in women with elevated BMI (>160 lbs)
26
Q

Ulipristal acetate: MOA

A

Progesterone receptor modulator with anti-progestin activity

27
Q

Ulipristal acetate: indications

A

Emergency contraception, esp in women with elevated BMI

28
Q

Pitocin: MOA

A

Synthetic oxytocin

29
Q

Pitocin: indications

A

Induce/increase labor contractions

Decrease blood loss before placenta comes out to decrease blood loss

30
Q

Tocolytics: indications

A

Arrest labor and delay delivery

31
Q

Indomethacin: MOA

A

Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor

32
Q

Indomethacin: indications

A

Arrest labor in pregnancy

Close PDA in fetus

Pain relief

33
Q

Tocolytics: drug options

A

Nifedipine (Ca channel blocker)

Indomethacin (prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor)

Beta-2 agonist (terbutaline)

Magnesium sulfate (least effective but still widely used)

34
Q

Betamethasone (in pregnancy): indications

A
  • give to moms entering preterm labor
  • increases maturation of type II alveolar cells
  • stimulates surfactant production
  • helps to reduce risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
35
Q

Tamsulosin: MOA

A

Alpha adrenergic blocker

36
Q

Tamsulosin: indications

37
Q

Alpha adrenergic blockers in BPH: MOA

A

Relax bladder neck tone and prostate smooth muscle to improve urinary flow

38
Q

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors in BPH: MOA

A

Decreased conversion of testosterone to DHT decreases prostatic growth signal

39
Q

Ospemifine: MOA

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulator, targets vaginal tissue

40
Q

Ospemifine: indications

A

Dyspareunia due to atrophy

Life Stages (10 decks)

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