Pharmacology Flashcards
Naloxone
Reverses opiod-induced respiratory depression
Oxygen can be given after if needed
Mycophenolate
Immunosuppressant
*watch for infection
Donepezil
Decreases symptoms of dementia
List some ACE inhibitors
Captopril (Capoten), Enalapril (Vasotec), Lisinopril (Zestril, Prinivil), Moexipril (Univasc), Ramipril (Altace)
Function of ACE inhibitors
Arterial dilation and increased stroke volume. Blocks aldosterone so client loses sodium and water and retains potassium
List some angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBS)
Losartan (Cozaar), Olmesartan (Benicar), Valsartan (Diovan
Function of ARBS?
Potent vasodilator. Decreases peripheral resistance. Decrease the workload of the heart. Increase cardiac output and keep blood moving forward out of the heart.
List some antidysrhythmics:
Amiodarone
Lidocaine
List some antihypertensives:
Atenolol (Tenormin) Metoprolol (Lopressor) Propranolol (Inderal) Carvedilol (Coreg
Calcium channel blockers
Amlodipine (Norvasc), Diltiazem (Cardizem), Ranolazine (Ranexa)
Function of calcium channel blockers
Vasodilation of the arterial system to decrease arterial resistance and decrease BP. Dilates the coronary arteries so more oxygen reaches the heart muscle.
Dobutamine (Dobutrex)
Used for shock
The beta1 effects enhance the force of myocardial contraction (positive inotropic effect) and increasing heart rate (positive chronotropic effect). The beta 2 effects produce mild vasodilation
Epinephrine HCL (Adrenalin)
Causes direct vasoconstriction, thus, improving perfusion pressure to the brain and heart.
Increase cardiac output
epoetin
Epoetin is prescribed to treat a lower than normal number of red blood cells (anemia) caused by chronic kidney disease in clients on dialysis, in HIV clients receiving zidovudine and in cancer clients receiving chemotherapy that develop anemia. Epoetin stimulates the bone marrow to produce more RBCs.
What dietary restriction should be taught about MAOI’s?
limit tyramine ingestion- can cause severe hyperstension
what is disulfiram used for?
treat alcholism
what type of drug is cisplatin?
antineoplastic- causes death to rapidly dividing cells
MUST HAVE A WRITTEN ORDER NOT verbal
What should be taught to patients taking isoniazid?
avoid foods high in tyramine
What is melatonin?
manmade form of hormone that regulates internal clock
what med are contraindicated taking with melatonin and why?
beta blockers
melatonin can raise bp
trade name for sodium polystyrene sulfonate
What is it used for?
kayexalate
treat hyperkalemia
How long does it take Nitroglycerin to work?
1 to 3 min
what is a major complication of phenytoin?
What is it used for?
gingival hyperplasia- oral care is important*
anticonvulsant
what is other name for enoxaparin?
What is it used for?
Antidote?
Lovenox
anticoagulant
protamine sulfate
What is midazolam?
what is it used for?
benzodiazepam
sedation
How should sucralfate be taken with other medications?
Take it at least 30 min after other medications.
It lines the stomach which can decrease absorption of other meds.
Peak times of regular, intermediate, rapid, and long-acting insulins:
Regular- peaks 2-3 hours
Rapid acting- 30 minutes.
Intermediate acting- 4 hours.
Long-acting- 6 hours.
What should be avoided while taking MAOI’s?
foods high in tryramine: strong or aged cheese, cured meats, smoked or process meats, liver (especially aged liver), pickled or fermented foods, sauces, soybeans, dried or overripe fruits, meat tenderizers, brewer’s yeast, alcoholic beverages and caffeine- such as in tea, cokes and coffee
Cause dangerous increase in BP
Magnesium sulfate
stops preterm labor
betamethasone
stimulates lung maturation in preterm births that are imminent
Methotrexate
stops growth of fetus in ectopic pregnancy
common name for calcium carbonate:
Tums
side effects of epoetin
hemoptysis
high BP
