Pharmacology Flashcards
Factor in a patient’s condition that makes the use of a drug dangerous or ill advised. ie: glucophage/iodine
Contraindications
Substance that serves to ease pain or severity of a disease but does not cure it. ie: morphine/kidney stone
Palliative
Contains NO active ingredients, given for suggestive effects or to please a person. ei: sugar pills or last 5 pill of birth control
Placebo
Glass container with rubber stopper circled by a metal band, usually single dose.
Vial
ALWAYS single dose, made of glass, snap cap away and draw up with filter needle.
Ampule
Pain relieving drugs; relieve pain or alter the perception of pain. Could be narcotics such as morphine or synthetic drugs with morphine like effects. ied: Demeraol, Darvon; non-narcotics such as Tylenol or Aspirin
Analgesic
Prevents or relieves nausea and/or vomiting. ie: Phenergan, Compazine
Antiemetics
Used to induce vomiting especially in the case of poisons. ie: Ipecac Syrup
Emetics
Listed as controlled subsances; given when symptoms of tremors, restlessness, dry mouth, tachycardia, dizziness, diaphoresis, irritability and insomnia, etc. affect the person’s ability to carry on normal life. ie: Xanax, Ativan (given as pre-op or pre-procedure sedation
Antianxiety
Anything, medicine or other modes of therapy that act to prevent, cure, or alleviate mental depression. ie: Prozac
Antidepressant
Counteracts inflammation. ie: Ibuprofen, Topical Cortisone, Hydrocortisone
Anti-Inflammatory
A drug or physical force that acts to control or prevent cardiac arrythmias (irregularity or loss of rhythm esp in the heart)
Antiarrhythmia
Causing relaxation of the blood vessels, a nerve, or a drug that dilates the blood vessels, used for angina or hypertension. ie: Nitroglycerin
Vasodilator
That which constrics or narrows the caliber of blood vessels.
Vasoconstictor
An agent that increases the secretion of urine; an increase in blood flow in the renal vessels, increased urine formation. ei: Lasix
Diuretics
Agent that prevents or controls high blood pressure. ie: Calcium Channel Blockers, Cardizem
Anti-Hypertensive
Agent that prevents or delays blood coagulation. ie: Aspirin, Heparin, Coumadin
Anti-Coagulant
That which causes fluid to coagulate; change from fluid state to a semi-solid state (the clotting ability).
Coagulant
Works against allergic reactions.
Anti-Allergic.
Drug that opposes the action of histamine (flushing of the skin etc.) for manifestations of allergic reactions, relieves/prevents itching. ie: Benadryl, Seldane, Topical Calamine Lotion
Antihistamine
Bring upon the opening or dilation of a bronchus. ie: Provental or Asthma meds etc.
Bronchodilators
Destroying or stopping the growth of bacteria, ie: neosporin, tinactic, monostat
Antibacterials
Agents which prevent sepsis by preventing or inhibiting the growth of causative micro-organisms. ie: hibiclens, betadine
Antiseptic
Substance that prevents infection by killing bacteria; mostly used on equipment or surfaces rather than in or upon the body. ie: usually a chemical or physical agent.
Disinfectant
An agent that exerts a soothing or tranquilizing effect; may be general, local, nervous, or vascular. ei: valium
Sedative
Drugs that cause an insensitivity to pain by inhibiting afferent impulses or inhibiting the sensory impressions in the brain causing partial or complete unconsciousness. Includes sedatives, analgesics, anesthetics
Hypnotic
Agent that produces anesthesia, subdivided into general or local according to their action; partial or complete loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness as a result of disease, injury, or administration of an agent usually by injection or inhalation.
Anesthetic
An active purgative; producing bowel movements; cleansing; a laxative is a small dose to relieve constipation; a purgative is a large dose to evacuate entire GI tract. ei: fleet’s enema, ex-lax
Cathartic
Substance used to prevent or treat diarrhea; absorbs excess fluids or lessens intestinal mobility to allow more time to absorb. ei: immodium
Antidiarrheal
A common drug given in the radiology setting; used to treat hypoglycemia by elevating blood glucose levels, also used in x-ray in induce intestinal relaxation usually during barium enema exams. (also found on emergency stat carts)
Glucagon
Covering added to various types of oral medication that aids in intestinal absorption; often this covering is used to delay medication release until it reaches a specific point in the alimentary canal; designed to be absorbed in the intestinal tract.
Enteric Coated (difference between generic and brand)
Agent or medication that reduces fever; works against fever development.
Antipyretic
Medication administered that enters through (across) the skin.
Transdermal
Movement of administered drugs within the body.
Pharmacokinetics
The type and acceptable amount of extraneous material that may safely be added to the active ingredient of a drug; how pure or authentic is the drug.
Purity
The amount of a drug that becomes available for activity within the targeted tissue.
Bioavailibility
The strength or power of the drug needed to achieve the desired effect.
Potency
The effectiveness of each drug used in treatment; does it do what it claims to do, how effective are the results the drug achieves.
Efficacy
Determined by the number and severity of adverse effects reported after use of the drug; these standards are monitored and refined constantly.
Safety and Toxicity
Drugs that have the potential for abuse.
Controlled Substances
Properties that are regulated by the FDA to confirm drug safety before a new drug can be marketed; new drugs must go through a series of animal and human testing prior to FDA approval.
Purity, Bioavailability, Potency, Efficacy, and Safety and Toxicity
Radiographers are –1– licensed to dispense drugs; there is a difference between –2– drugs or medicine and –3– it.
- NOT
- Administering
- Dispensing
