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Podiatry > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of action:

Quinolones

A

Bactericidal

Inhibits DNA gryase

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2
Q

Quinolones spectrum of activity

A

Staphylococci (not MRSA), gram negative bacilli (Pseudomonas), Enterobacter

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3
Q

Adverse reactions of Quinolones

A

GI (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), insomnia, headache, seizures, contraindicated in children-defects in cartilage, drug interaction with theophylline & antacids

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4
Q

What type of drugs are Quinolones?

A

Antibiotics

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5
Q

What type of drug is cephalosporins?

A

Antibiotic

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6
Q

Mechanism of action of cephalosporins?

A

Bactericidal

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

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7
Q

4th generation cephalosporins agent?

A

Cefipime (Maxipime)

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8
Q

Spectrum of activity of 1st generation cephalosporins?

A

Staphylococci, streptococci
Gram negatives (E. Coli, P. mirabilis, shigella, salmonella)
Anaerobes (not bacteroides)

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9
Q

Spectrum of activity of 2nd generation cephalosporins?

A

Staphylococci (less active than 1st generation)
Streptococci (same as 1st generation)
More gram negative (H. Influenza, proteus, klebsiella, E. coli)
Anaerobes (cefotetan & cefoxitan active against bacteroides)

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10
Q

Spectrum of activity 3rd generation cephalosporins?

A

Staphylococci, streptococci (less active than 1st & 2nd)
Pseudomonas (ceftazadime & cefoperazone only)
Anaerobes

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11
Q

Spectrum of activity of 4th generation cephalosporins?

A

Same as earlier agents

Greater gram negatives coverage (including pseudomonas)

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12
Q

Adverse reactions of cephalosporins?

A 
Hypersensitivity (cross reactivity with PCN allergy 5-15%)
Neutropenia 
Diarrhea 
Bleeding
Phlebitis with IV administration
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13
Q

B-Lactams?

A

Imipenem/Cilastain
(Primaxin)
Aztreonam

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14
Q

Spectrum of activity of Imipenem/Cilastain(Primaxin)?

A

Very broad
Most gram positive aerobes & anaerobes
Gram negatives ( including pseudomonas)
Anaerobes (including bacteroides)

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15
Q

Adverse reactions of Imipenem/Cilastain (Primaxin)?

A

Seizures in patients with h/o seizures

Nausea/vomiting

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16
Q

Spectrum of activity of Aztreonam?

A

Gram negative aerobes (pseudomonas)

Not active against gram positive or aerobic organisms

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17
Q

Adverse reactions of Aztreonam?

A

No major side effects

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18
Q

What’s dosage of Aztreonam?

A

1-2 gm IV q8h

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19
Q

What is in Augmentin?

A

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

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20
Q

What is Unasyn?

A

Ampicillin/sulbactam

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21
Q

What is in Timentin?

A

Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid

22
Q

What is in Bactrim?

A

Tmp/smx

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

23
Q

What is in Primaxin?

A

Imipenem/Cilastain

24
Q

What is in Zosyn?

A

Piperacillin/tazobactam

25
Q

What is in Rocephin?

A

Ceftriaxone

3rd generation Cephalosporins

26
Q

Which drug is nicknamed “Gorillamycin”?

A

Imipenem because it has the broadest spectrum of any drug

27
Q

What is in Avelox?

A

Moxifloxacin hydrochloride

28
Q

What is in Invanz?

A

Ertapenem sodium

29
Q

What is in a SMA-7 that test kidney function?

A

Bun- 7-21

Creat- 0.5-1.5

30
Q

What do you always want to check before giving an antibiotic?

A

Kidney function
Allergies
If pt is already on an antibiotic
If a gram stain & C & S has been done and results if done

31
Q

What is the dosing for Unasyn?

A
  1. 0g IV q 6

1. 5g IV q6 for pt with renal impairment

32
Q

When is Unasyn usually used?

A

It is a good initial IV choice for a polymicorbial infection

Diabetic infection

33
Q

What is an alternative to Unasyn for a patient with a PCN allergy?

A

Cipro/Clinda
Levaquin
(There are others)

34
Q

Will Unasyn work against Psuedomonas?

A

No

35
Q

What is in Augmentin? Dosing?

A

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
500 or 875 mg one tab po bid
875mg/125mg
Amox/clavu acid

36
Q

How much clavulanic acid is in Augmentin 500mg? For Augmentin 875mg?

A

Both have 125mg

37
Q

Does Augmentin work on pseudomonas?

A

Nope

38
Q

When is Augmentin usually used?

A

It is a good oral drug for polymicorbial infection
Diabetic infection
po dog and cat bites (pasturella multiocida)

39
Q

Indications for Zosyn?

A

Infections of skins and skin structures, including DM foot infection

40
Q

Dosing Zosyn?

A

3.375g IV q 4-6
Renal dose 2.25g IV q 4-6
Alt dose 4.5g IV q4-6

41
Q

Will Zosyn work on Pseudomonas?

A

Yes

42
Q

% of cross sensitivities between cephalosporins and PCN?

A

1-5%

43
Q

What is Timentin?

A

Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid

44
Q

What to watch out for with Ticarcillin?

A

Increased Na+ load by 5.2meq/g

45
Q

What is the Na+ load of Ticarcillin?

A

5.2meq/g

46
Q

Dosing Timentin?

A

3.1g IV q4-6

47
Q

What is Timentin’s coverage?

A

Polymicorbial, broad spectrum including pseudomonas

48
Q

What is the drug of choice for a diabetic foot infection with a penicillin allergy?

A

Clindamycin

49
Q

How are PCN’s excreted?

A 
All are renal except for
Mezlocillin,
Azlocillin
Piperacillin
(The ureidopencillins are 20-30% renal)
50
Q

Name 2 IV alternative antibiotics for PCN allergic patients

A 
Clindamycin
Levaquin
Vancomycin 
Bactrim
(There are others)
51
Q

Which PCN’s are anti-Psuedomonal?

A 
The fourth and fifth generation PCN's
Ticarcillin, Timentin 
Piperacillin, Zosyn
Carbenicillin, Mezlocillin, Azlocillin
2-4th generation Quinolones
FAT CIA
FORTAZ

Podiatry (1 decks)

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