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Local Anaesthesia > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what is in the safety plus system

A

syringe barrel with needle - single use
LA cartridges - sterile and single use
plunger

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2
Q

what is in a cartridge

A 
2.2ml or 1.8ml
anaesthetic agent 
vasoconstritor 
stabiliser/preservative 
isotonic carrier medium
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3
Q

what is an isotonic carrier medium

A

sterile saline solution

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4
Q

what is lidocaine

A

most commonly used
with adrenaline
utilycaine

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5
Q

what is mepivacaine

A

no vasoconstrictor in it

scandonest

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6
Q

what is prilocaine

A

with felypressin
citanest
produce oxytocin in body

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7
Q

what is the other prilocaine

A

prilocine plain

ctanest plainn

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8
Q

what is articain

A

with adrenaline

bartinest

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9
Q

what is the basic structure of LA

A

lipophilic head
intermediate chain (vary)
hydrophilic

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10
Q

what are the variable intermediate chains

A

ester (COO)

amide (NHCO)

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11
Q

what are some ester LA

A

procaine

benzocaine

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12
Q

what are some amide LA

A

lidocaine
prilocaine
mepivicine
articaine

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13
Q

how are ester LA usually applied

A

topical

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14
Q

how are amide LA usually applied

A

all injected

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15
Q

what is special about articaine

A

ester and amide links so broken down in body by both ester and amide enzymes

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16
Q

how to LA work

A

AP influence
Na channels
Membrane and receptor effects

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17
Q

what does LA do to AP’s

A

initial opening of sodium channels depolarisation

reversibly block sodium channels

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18
Q

what do LA do to mem and receptor

A

mem expansion

sp receptor theory

19
Q

what is sp receptor theory

A

lipid soluble non charged
and
charged

20
Q

why does a LA have t be lipid sol - non charged

A

to pass thro axon mem

21
Q

why’d does an LA have to be charged

A

to bind to receptor in sodium channel

22
Q

what does the dissociation of an LA dept on

A

pH of tissue

23
Q

what ar LA properties

A

lipid sol
protein binding
vasodilator ability

24
Q

why is LA lipid sol

A

high lipid sol partition coeff

rapid onset as passed through mem

25
Q

why does LA protein binding

A

LA bound to protein provides a pool of available drug

high protein binding capability increased duration

26
Q

what do most LA’s act as

A

vasodilators

27
Q

what is an LA’s vasodilator ability

A

result in inc blood flow
more rapid removal of LA
imp vasoconstrictors added to injections

28
Q

what is most common LA

A

gold standard

lidocaine

29
Q

what is the alternative injection

A

prilocaine

30
Q

what is mepivicaine used in mind of

A

least vasodilatory

31
Q

what is important about bupivicaine

A

high protein binding therefore long-lasting

32
Q

what is imp about articaine

A

relatively new
USP
dissusibilyt

33
Q

what is the sequence of onset

A

C
A(gamma)
A(delta)
A(alpha)

34
Q

how does absorption affect LA

A

uptake form site to bloodstream

loss of LA activity

35
Q

wat does the absorption dept on

A

dose
vasoactivity of drug
vasoactiviity of tissue
vasodilator effect vs use of vasocons

36
Q

unbound LA may enter

A

any organ

37
Q

what are some highly perfused organs

A

brain
liver
kidneys
placenta

38
Q

what are some LA effect on myocaridum

A

reduces excitability and cond

use acute cardiac are

39
Q

what ate the effects of LA on peripheral vasc

A

vasodilation

if overdose hypotension

40
Q

how does LA effect CNS

A

initial stimulation

then inc dose depression

41
Q

what LA is metabolised in liver

A

primarily amidases imp liver disease

42
Q

where is articaine metabolised

A

plasma

43
Q

where is prilocaine metabolised

A

lungs and liver

- methaemoglobinaemia - interferes with oxygen carrying ability

Local Anaesthesia (4 decks)

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